Skin mass from the left side of the face. Growing slowly for 2 years
On excision, measured 5.5 x 4.5 x 3.5cm
SUMMERS
1
2
ACVP
2021
2008
CANINE
Dog, crossbreed, 13years old, M
H&E
Perianal mass
AVALLONE
1
3
ACVP
2021
23675
FELINE
8-year-old, Male neutered, DSH cat
H&E
Nasal bleeding and deformity Biopsy
ROCCABIANCA
1
4
ACVP
2021
0
CANINE
Dog, 5 years old, M, German Shepherd
H&E
Mass in the soft palate, 6 x 8 cm
AVALLONE
1
5
ACVP
2021
0
FELINE
Cat, 15 years old, DSH
H&E
Interscapular subcutaneous mass
Subcutaneous mass with cystic areas
AVALLONE
1
6
ACVP
2021
0
FELINE
Cat, 15 years old, DSH
H&E
Interscapular subcutaneous mass
Subcutaneous mass with cystic areas
AVALLONE
1
7
ACVP
2021
0
CANINE
8-months old, Male intact dog, mixed breed,
H&E
At 6 months crusting of the right ear, progressive ulceration, thickening. After three months similar lesions in left ear.
Right ear excised (PD46)
ROCCABIANCA
1
8
ACVP
2021
0
CANINE
8-months old, Male intact dog, mixed breed,
H&E
At 6 months crusting of the right ear, progressive ulceration, thickening. After three months similar lesions in left ear.
Left ear excised (PD70)
ROCCABIANCA
1
9
ACVP
2021
0
FELINE
16-year-old Male neutered DSH cat
H&E
developed a left thoracic subcutaneous mass after vaccine injection.
Mass was excised and measured 6×7×5 cm
ROCCABIANCA
1
10
ACVP
2021
10476718
CANINE
1-year-old, SF Golden retriever
H&E
Presented for bleeding vagina
"vaginal hyperplasia"
SCHULMAN
1
11
ACVP
2021
10458244
CANINE
1-year-old dog
H&E
Acute onset vomiting and lethargy
Adhesions throughout the abdomen
SCHULMAN
1
12
ACVP
2021
10473135
CANINE
9-year-old Pharaoh hound
H&E
Tricavitary effusion with cardiac tamponade
White nodules lining the pleura, within the mediastinum, and on the pericardium and auricular appendages of the heart
Enlarged sternal lymph nodes
SCHULMAN
1
55
NEVPC
2021
10
CAPRINE
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis enteritis
Three, 2 to 3-year-old, female (1) and neutered male (2), Nigerian Dwarf, Nubian, and Boer goats
Three goats from the same farm were submitted for postmortem examination over the course of 8 days in late January to early February during an outbreak in which 5 goats died. On presentation, the goats were dull, lethargic, and inappetent, progressing to recumbency. Physical examination showed diarrhea, hypothermia, and ruminal atony. Two animals died, and one was euthanized.
The perineum, caudal thighs, and ventral tail were covered by dried tan-brown feces. The small intestine and cecum had granular serosal surfaces and were segmentally coated in thick layers of adherent yellow-tan fibrin strands. The small intestine ranged from fluid-filled and dilated with thin walls to thick-walled with obstructive luminal fibrinonecrotic casts. In the thickened segments, the mucosa of some animals was diffusely replaced by yellow-tan, friable, necrotic debris (diphtheritic membrane), while in others it was dark red, roughened and occasionally had miliary, 1-2 mm diameter, soft tan nodules. The mesentery was edematous and mesenteric lymph nodes were markedly enlarged up to 5 cm in diameter. Multifocally, the lymph node corticomedullary architecture was effaced by pale yellow purulent exudate surrounded by a thin rim of remaining tissue (abscesses).
H&E
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is a worldwide cause of enterocolitis, lymphadenitis, and septicemia in a wide variety of wild and domestic species, and humans, most frequently reported in wild hares and ruminants.
Harvey
1
56
NEVPC
2021
11
SAND BOA
Alimentary T cell lymphoma, epitheliotropic, small cell
2-year-1-month-old, 92 g, female sand boa
The patient presented with a several months history of chronic regurgitation and weight loss.
The mucosa of the small intestine was segmentally slightly thickened.
H&E
Although once considered uncommon, neoplasia is a relatively common occurrence in reptiles, especially snakes (Effron et al. 1977; Garner et al. 2004). Out of the reported neoplasms, lymphoma is one of the more common neoplastic condition in snakes, and the presentation may vary greatly, similar to any other species. While a multicentric distribution is the most common presentation, solitary tumors have been reported including one specifically affecting the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue of the esophagus (Ossiboff 2018). Leukemia without multicentric or solitary lymphoma has also been reported (Schilliger et al. 2011). Based on a comprehensive review of 35 lymphomas out of 326 tumors in snakes, large, blast-like cells were more commonly observed than small cell lymphoma (Garner et al. 2004).
Nakagun
1
57
NEVPC
2021
12
AVIAN
Severe trematodiasis, compatible with Cotylurus sp.
Juvenile male Black backed gull
Severe vestibular symptoms were noted that did not improve or resolve with supportive care.
The cloaca is focally expanded by an approximately 1.5 cm in diameter, thick-walled spherical out-pocketing continuous with the cloacal lumen, containing dozens of 0.5 cm-long metazoan parasites tightly adhered to the mucosa. Sharp delineation between a plump, faintly bilobed, pale pink spherical forebody and oblong pearl white hindbody is appreciable.
H&E
Based on the presence of an oral sucker, spongy parenchyma and paired ceca, those parasites were deemed most consistent with trematodes. While trematodes in aquatic birds are legion and may show a broad variety of forms, the combined sharp bisegmentation, presence of a somewhat spherical forebody containing a deep oral sucker, and cloacal location, were considered most compatible with the Strigidae family, and especially Cotylurus sp., an uncommon parasite of the alimentary tract of seagulls. The life cycle of Cotylurus sp. typically includes three free-living, and three parasitic stages. The initial egg phase is followed by emergence of a free-living miracidium, which enters a gastropod before turning into a parasitic sporocyst. Within this first intermediate host, the sporocyst produces cercariae, which penetrate a fish or leech, either of which may represent a second intermediate host fostering development of the metacercarian stage. Fisheating birds are ultimately infected through ingestion of the second intermediate host, acting as the final host in which maturation towards the adult stage occurs. With regards to the absence of additional underlying pathologic process, the neurological signs noted in this bird were considered related to the combined parasite infestation, prolonged exposure to cold, and hindered access to food.
Nelissen
1
58
NEVPC
2021
13
EQUINE
Ganglioneuromatosis, colon
8-month-old Arabian Filly
The patient presented to the referring veterinarian with a 7-month history of ill-thrift and chronic diarrhea. Histologic assessment of endoscopic duodenal biopsy samples revealed mild, diffuse, chronic, lymphoplasmacytic, and eosinophilic enteritis with villus atrophy, prompting an exploratory celiotomy 4 days later.
Multifocally scattered across the serosal surface of the ventral colon and transverse colon were innumerable, raised, moderately well-demarcated, firm, white nodules with mural infiltration. The transverse colon also had associated segmental luminal restriction.
H&E
GN is described as a poorly demarcated, multinodular-to-coalescing, intramural, benign proliferation of ganglia (i.e. neurons, glial cells, supporting cells) within the gastrointestinal system. Ganglioneuromas are also benign proliferations of ganglia but tend to be more discreet. GN occurs exclusively within the gastrointestinal system, with five reports in the small intestine, three reports in the large intestine, and one report in the gall bladder. Clinical signs associated with GN vary depending on the affected region of the gastrointestinal system. Small intestinal GN is associated with diarrhea, vomiting, inappetence, obtundation, and low body condition score. Large intestinal GN is associated with tenesmus, hematochezia, and rectal prolapse3,5. Gall bladder GN is associated with cholecystitis and cholestasis. In a previous equine case report, GN was an incidental finding with no apparent gastrointestinal clinical signs.
Champion
1
59
NEVPC
2021
14
CAMELID
Esophagitis, erosive/ulcerative, lymphoplasmacytic, multifocal, moderate, with ballooning degeneration of epithelial cells, occasional pustules, intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion bodies, and vasculitis
~1-month-old, male camel calf
Sir Camelot nursed well the first week and then began with sudden weight loss. It was treated and began tube-feeding, but progressed to diarrhea, lethargy, and then recumbency. Died.
The distal esophagus has several linear bright red streaks and 25-30, approximately 3-5 mm of diameter erosions/ulcers, some covered with a brown to tan flocculent material (fibrin).
H&E
Supported by the presence of large intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies on the esophagus along the gross findings of multiple areas of ulceration along the gastrointestinal tract, the first main differential are viruses from the family Poxviridae. In this family of viruses, Bovine Papular Stomatitis and Contagious Ecthyma are considered. This last one has been reported in camels, and for which ulcers and proliferative lesions can extend into the upper gastrointestinal tract in some cases. In both cases, intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions are highly suggestive of infection.
Stevenson
1
60
NEVPC
2021
15
AVIAN
Bornaviral ganglioneuritis and leiomyositis
Female Quaker Parrot
Radiographic evidence displayed a mass like object containing small mineral opacities below an enlarged proventriculus and in line with the cranial pole of the kidney.
The proventriculus and ventriculus were dilated with thinned walls for both compartments.
H&E
Proventricular Dilatation Disease (PDD) primarily affects the autonomic nerves of the upper and middle digestive tract, including the esophagus, crop, proventriculus, ventriculus, and duodenum. This disease condition has a worldwide distribution, and its name is derived from the predominant clinical sign in large parrots; namely, the dilation of the proventriculus by accumulated food as a result of dysfunction of the ventriculus. PDD is a disease across multiple species of birds particular amongst psittacines, however has been identified in other species (i.e. Canada Geese, Red-Tailed Hawks). A bornaviral etiology was implicated in more recent literature.ÊÊ
Tocco
1
61
NEVPC
2021
16
FELINE
Odontogenic myxoma
15-year-old, female, domestic shorthaired feline
This patient presented for an ossifying lesion of the lower mandible.Ê On radiographs, there was a poorly defined region of radiolucency within the mandibular bone with a smaller characteristic Òsoap bubbleÓ appearance.
This 3.0mm diameter mass was hard and tan.
H&E
Odontogenic myxomas originate from the ectomesenchyme of the dental papilla or dental follicle. Historically known as the Òjaw myxomaÓ, odontogenic myxomas are solely located within tooth-bearing regions of the maxilla and, more commonly, the mandible.3 Odontogenic myxomas are unique among ondontogenic tumors in that the they lack proliferative odontogenic epithelium. Grossly, cut sections are often gray-white, cystic, and have mucoid or slimy surfaces. Radiographically, odontogenic myxomas have a radiolucent trabecular appearance, with often ill defined borders, and a commonly reported Òsoap bubbleÓ or ÒhoneycombÓ appearance (as in this case), with possible sunburst periosteal reactions.
Hammett
1
62
NEVPC
2021
17
GOLDFISH
Ameloblastoma, gill arch
6-year-old goldfish
This goldfish presented for removal of a mass that was firmly attached to the gill arch.
A large, pink, raised, multilobular mass arises from the left pharyngeal gill arch, elevates the operculum and extends caudally.
H&E
Odontogenic neoplasms are usually incidental findings in fish. Most descriptions are of odontomas arising in the mouth, lips, and jaws. This includes angelfish Òlip fibroma,Ó which is a compound odontoma embedded in abundant collagenous stroma. There are reports of retroviral particles in the cytoplasm of stromal cells of odontomas, though a causal role has not been proven. Additionally, several reports describe epizootics and individual cases of odontogenic neoplasms, including odontomas and ameloblastomas, in multiple species of fish. The neoplasm in this case was diagnosed as a ameloblastoma, which has not been previously reported in cyprinids to the authorsÕ knowledge.
Baskerville
1
63
NEVPC
2021
18
BEARDED DRAGON
Adenocarcinoma and intravascular T cell lymphoma, colon; T-cell lymphoma, spleen and liver
Eight year old, male, intact, bearded dragon
This lizard presented with a five-month history of progressive, ulcerative dermatitis of the tail tip and hind limbs and progressive weight loss.
Necropsy revealed a multifocal to segmental thickening and yellow discoloration of the colonic wall. Attached to this area of thickening was a 3-mm-diameter, yellow, polypoid mass on the serosal surface. The colon proximal to these lesions was dilated 300-400%. The spleen was enlarged approximately 300%, and pale tan to yellow with an irregular shape that was molded around a loop of small intestine. There were multifocal to coalescing areas of yellow discoloration and pallor of the left lateral hepatic lobe.
H&E
This is the first case of intestinal adenocarcinoma reported in bearded dragons and was unique in that it presented concurrently with lymphoma. The original location of lymphoma in this case is unknown. The cutaneous lesions were pleocellular, but may have included insidious neoplastic T cells.
Argue
1
64
NEVPC
2021
19
CANINE
Salivary lipomatosis
8-year-old female spayed miniature Australian shepherd
Presented for excision of a large, soft, fluctuant mass in the left cranial cervical region, which had been present and slowly growing since May of 2018.
The mass, submitted as Òleft mandibular/sublingual salivary gland,Ó floated in formalin and measured 9 x 5.9 x 4.4 cm. It was firm, tan to brown, and was subdivided into variably-sized lobules by thin bands of fibrous stroma.
H&E
Salivary lipomatosis (also known as lipomatous/fatty infiltration of the salivary gland or interstitial lipomatosis) is a rare, benign, non-neoplastic entity in dogs that causes marked soft to fluctuant enlargement of salivary glands due to the deposition of large amounts of adipose tissue within the interstitium of affected glands. Though the cause is undetermined, the majority of cases have been associated with chronic salivary inflammation and obstructive processes.
Caudill
1
65
NEVPC
2021
1
CANINE
Spirocerca lupi sarcoma
1-year-old female spayed mixed breed dog
The patient was presented to the Penn Vet Emergency Service and transferred to the Internal Medicine Service for further evaluation of dysphagia, regurgitation, and coughing. She was adopted from India where she was originally found with her litter mates, all of which were treated for Spirocerca infections.
Two, rounded, glistening masses were visualized (one in the proximal esophagus and one near the lower esophageal sphincter).
H&E
This case was reviewed with four additional pathologists, who all agreed that the degree of pleomorphism and mitotic activity in these samples was more consistent with a sarcoma rather than fibroproliferative lesion. There was a discussion on the distinction between the advanced pre-neoplastic phase and malignant transformation, and that this differentiation is likely not possible based on the tissue provided. Spirocerca lupi is a nematode parasite that causes endemic disease in dogs in tropical and subtropical geographic regions, like certain areas of South America and Africa. Large breed hunting dogs tend to be predisposed to developing infections, likely due to the lifecycle of the parasite. The life cycle of S. lupi begins with eggs shed in the feces of the definitive host (carnivores). Eggs are ingested by the intermediate host (coprophagous beetles of numerous different species) in which they mature into L3 larvae in several months. A paratenic host (i.e. poultry, wild birds, lizards, rodents, hedgehogs and rabbits) may ingest the infected beetle, and a definitive host may become infected by ingesting the intermediate or paratenic host. Once in the definitive host, L3 larvae penetrate and traverse the gastric wall, eventually reaching the caudal thoracic aorta via various vascular routes and maturing to the L4 stage. Finally, as immature adults, the nematodes travel and encyst in the esophagus where they sexually mature and females pass eggs into the lumen of the esophagus. Adults usually encyst within the submucosa.
Amerman
1
66
NEVPC
2021
20
EQUINE
Typhlocolitis, granulomatous, segmental, severe with myriad intrahistiocytic, acid-fast, and variably Gram-positive bacteria, lymphangitis, and serositis (Mycobacterium genavense and Salmonella sp.)
23-year-old Quarter horse gelding
Oone-month history of unresolving chronic diarrhea.
The serosa of the large intestine and the cecum were covered in hundreds of dark black slightly raised variably sized plaques ranging from 0.3 cm to 2cm. The large intestinal mucosa was thickened, edematous, dark brown to black and with ten to twenty polypoid semi-firm proliferations predominantly in the cecum. The large intestinal lesions were least severe in the right dorsal colon.
H&E
Organisms within sections of the affected large intestine were closely homologous for M. genavense. Additional tissues were forwarded to the same outside laboratory for further comprehensive detection of Mycobacterium sp. via immunohistochemical and molecular tests.
KRAMER
1
67
NEVPC
2021
21
Llama
Jejunitis, lymphadenitis and hepatitis, pyogranulomatous to necrotizing with intracellular bacteria (Rhodococcus equi) and rare trematodes (liver only); peritoneum: fibrinosuppurative serositis; spleen: atrophy
11-year-old male intact llama
A 11-year-old intact male llama presented with diarrhea, inability to rise, and heavy gastrointestinal parasitism.
Severe fibrinosuppurative peritonitis presented with adhesion of intestinal loops to each other and the mesentery. A string of mesenteric lymph nodes of the jejunum was markedly enlarged and contained purulent material when cut. The jejunum had a single transmural perforation approximately 5 cm in diameter. The extensive necrosis of the surrounding jejunal wall was continuous with multifocal areas of ulceration on the mucosal surface. Smaller foci of ulceration were present in the adjacent, hyperemic mucosa of the small intestine over a ~ 15 cm long segment. The liver had myriad disseminated foci. Most foci were grey and pin-point to 1 mm in diameter and flat; fewer foci dark red brown, depressed and 2-4 mm in diameter; occasional foci pale tan, protruding and up to 3 mm in diameter.
H&E
Rhodococcus equi is, typically, a pathogen of foals leading to pyogranulomatous pneumonia with lymphadenitis, less commonly enterocolitis and intraabdominal abscesses. Virulence-associated markers of R. equi have been well established. Virulence-associated protein anti-gens (VapA or VapB, respectively) have been implicated in R. equi virulence in a number of host species including horses. In non-equid species, infections with R. equi commonly present as lymphadentitis. However, a broad spectrum of disease conditions has been described in a wide range of domestic and wild animal species, worldwide. Examples include bronchopneumonia, osteomyelitis, subcutaneous abscesses, and disseminated infection involving lymph nodes and viscera in goats in North America. and bronchopneumonia and lymphadenitis in wild boar in South America, Europe and Asia.
Löhr
1
68
NEVPC
2021
22
CANINE
Severe diffuse villous necrosis with intra-lesion bacilli, congestion, and mucosal hemorrhage
5-year-old male intact Doberman Pinscher
Found dead in its kennel with a bloated face and bloody stool.
The abdomen was markedly gas distended and contained 200 mL of blood. The duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were purple colored and markedly dilated by red-black fluid and gas.
H&E
Microscopic findings, the lesions noted grossly during postmortem examination, and anaerobic culture results from the small intestines established a diagnosis of enterotoxemia. C. perfringens is the most frequently isolated clostridial species throughout the world. This species is ubiquitous in the environment and in the intestine of mammals and birds. These diseases include enteric syndromes such as avian necrotic enteritis, lamb dysentery, neonatal hemorrhagic or necrotizing enteritis, and ovine, caprine, and bovine enterotoxemia. The pathogenicity of C. perfringens is due to a significant degree to an array of extracellular toxins produced. These toxins historically were organized into two categories, major (mouse lethal) and minor (non-lethal) toxins. The major toxins are alpha (CPA), beta (CPB), epsilon (ETX) and iota (ITX). These toxins form the basis for the classification of the individual strains into 5 toxinotypes (A-E). Alpha-toxin (CPA or PLC) is produced by all C. perfringens strains, although toxinotype A strains usually produce higher amounts than the other toxinotypes. This toxin is a zinc-dependent phospholipase C which degrades phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin, both components of the eukaryiotic cell membranes, causing damage tn the membrane of erythrocytes and other cells from many animal species. The net result of this action is cell lysis, by degradation of membrane phospholipids. CPA also activates several other membrane and internal cell mechanisms that lead to hemolysis. In addition, CPA activates the arachidonic cascade resulting in the formation of thromboxanes, leukotrienes and prostaglandins, which activate the inflammation cascade and produce vasoconstriction. In combination with Pergringolysin (PFO), CPA allows C. perfringens to escape macrophage phagosomes and survive in the host tissue. Acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome (AHDS) is common in dogs. There are numerous terms used for this syndrome, such as canine hemorrhagic gastroenteritis, canine intestinal hemorrhage syndrome, acute intestinal hemorrhage syndrome in dogs, acute hemorrhagic diarrheal syndrome, and acute hemorrhagic enteropathy The syndrome is characterized by acute onset of hemorrhagic diarrhea and is frequently associated with vomiting and hemoconcentration. The clinical history, gross and histologic findings, and bacterial culture results in this case were classic for this condition.
Vásquez
1
69
NEVPC
2021
23
CANINE
Intestinal infarct, multifocal, severe, acute, with bacterial translocation and septic peritonitis
10 year old, castrated male, standard schnauzer dog
A pheochromocytoma was diagnosed by internal medicine on Feb 9, 2021. The tumor was removed by surgical oncologists May 3, 2021. Intestines became discolored dark grey during surgery. The patient recovered uneventfully from anesthesia but declined rapidly post-op, with continuous bloody diarrhea, regurgitation, and poor appetite.
The mesenteric arcade is dark red. There is extensive, coalescing ulceration of the small intestinal mucosal surface throughout the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, affecting approximately 65% of the mucosal surface, with hemorrhage along the interface of normal and ulcerated mucosa. Linear ulcers are within the orad colon.
H&E
This is an unusual case of multifocal enteric infarction with profound necrosis, bacterial translocation, and peritonitis in this animal. Atherosclerosis was discovered histologically. This is a disease in the wall of blood vessels, wherein cholesterol deposits expand the tunica intima, variably associated witha granulomatous reaction, which further constructs vessel luminal diameter. This is an uncommon disease in dogs, but when present, it is highly associated with underlying metabolic disease, most commonly diabetes mellitus or hypothyroidism. Although it can be incidental, in this case there is histologic evidence of thrombosis in affected vessels, illustrated most prominently in the papillary muscle of the heart, where it is associated with focal myocardial infarction. Catecholamine release in dogs can contribute to a hypercoagulable state, and productive pheochromocytomas can release catecholamines. Between the residual effects of a recently removed pheochromocytoma, the general stressors associated with surgery of any kind, and the underlying arterial disease, this animal entered a hypercoagulable state, further evidenced by the presence of a large, organizing right atrial thrombus.
Oakes
1
70
NEVPC
2021
24
BOVINE
Abomasitis, fibrinonecrotizing and ulcerative, multifocal, moderate, with marked edema
9-day-old female Holstein calf
Farm has lost approximately 5 calves in the past week.
Within the abdominal cavity and predominantly cranially, there is approximately 5L of a light yellow, opaque, and sweet smelling liquid with abundant gelatinous light yellow to white clots. There are adhesions between serosal surfaces around the duodenum, pancreas, forestomachs, and liver, which form multiple pockets filled with the described fluid and clots. The abomasal mucosa is pale red, and the abomasal folds are mildly expanded by clear edema; there are three approximately 1.5 x 0.3 x 0.2 cm depressed areas coated with light brown material in the mucosa (ulcers).
H&E
In this very unusual case, a farm experienced acute loss of multiple very young dairy calves.Ê The third calf lost was submitted to the Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, where gross anatomic examination revealed a severe cranial abdominal peritonitis.Ê A sweet odor consistent with milk replacer was apparent upon opening of the abdomen.Ê Large pale yellow to white coagula in the abdomen were slightly rubbery with a consistency of milk curds.Ê Perforating gastrointestinal lesions were not evident grossly or microscopically.Ê Histopathology of the coagula adhered to the serosa revealed fibrin with low numbers of entrapped leukocytes and karyorrhectic debris, regionally invaded by low numbers of fibroblasts, with mild hemorrhages.Ê PCR for rotavirus, coronavirus, and BVDV were negative.Ê Aerobic and anaerobic culture of the abdominal contents were negative for bacterial growth, and bacteria or other etiologic agents were not evident histologically.Ê An additional field necropsy performed by the attending clinician on the case yielded similar gross findings.Ê The following week, it was discovered that a new formulation of milk replacer had been instituted, but the measuring instruments for reconstituting it had not been changed.Ê This resulted in the calves receiving at least twice the volume that they were supposed to receive of a formula that was twice as concentrated as it was supposed to be.Ê The farm instituted proper measuring instruments for reconstitution of the milk replacer, and no additional losses occurred.
Vyhnal
1
71
NEVPC
2021
25
CANINE
Colitis, histiocytic and ulcerative, transmural, marked, chronic, with intra and extracellular gram-negative bacilli Ð Escherichia coli
7-month-old intact female French bulldog
This animal had a history of chronic diarrhea, inappetence and weight loss.
The omentum was focally adhered to the large intestine serosa. A 4cm segment of the colon adjacent to the cecum had irregular serosal surface and was transmurally thickened up to 1cm. This segment was firm and white on cut surface, and the mucosa was irregular and dark green to brown.
H&E
Histiocytic ulcerative colitis or granulomatous colitis is a chronic syndrome that affects primarily Boxers and French Bulldogs. Infiltration of the colonic lamina propria and submucosal layers with histiocytes containing PAS positive material is a diagnostic feature of this disease. Escherichia coli was recently implicated as the etiologic agent associated with this condition. In this case, intrahistiocytic and extracellular gram-negative short rods were observed in the superficial and deep layers of the colonic wall, and were also highlighted with Giemsa and Steiner special stains. The splenic nodules described grossly contained colonies of gram-negative short rods, and bacterial culture of this organ yielded moderate growth of E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, indicating sepsis. The culture results and characteristic microscopic intestinal findings, including intralesional PAS-positive histiocytes and gram-negative short rods are supportive of E. coli as the causative agent of this histiocytic colitis.
Lima
1
72
NEVPC
2021
26
DEER
Enterocolitis, necrohemorrhagic, severe, segmental to diffuse, acute with transmural bacteria of mixed morphologies, including gram positive bacilli consistent with Clostridium sp.
Female intact white-tailed deer fawn
Over approximately 2 weeks, the rehabilitator had lost three fawns, all with similar signs including tremors and wobbly legs with rapid progression to an inability to rise. Additionally, fawns often exhibited vocalization, drooling, wide-eyes, labored breathing, and death within 3-4 hours of onset of signs.
The ventral surface of the diaphragm closest to the abomasum was coated with tan, friable, light yellow, strands of fibrinous material. Throughout the mesentery, lymph nodes were prominent and approximately 1.0 cm in diameter. The rumen, reticulum, and omasum contained mottled green to white, thick, pasty material admixed with plant fibers. Bright green material of similar consistency was in the abomasum. Most of the intestinal tract was transmurally bright red to black. Segmentally, the intestines contained gas and bright red to muddy brown, opaque liquid.
H&E
Gross and microscopic findings confirmed severe intestinal disease characteristic of toxins produced by the bacterium, Clostridium perfringens (clostridiosis). Some Clostridium spp. are normal inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tract of cervids and ruminants; however, with changes to the gut microenvironment, the organisms and the toxins they produce can flourish in the intestine, leading to disease. Such gut microenvironment changes could occur with drastic changes in feed, abnormally nutrient-rich digesta, antibiotics, reduced gut motility, and/or primary infections with other agents. The toxins produced by Clostridium perfringens, as detected in this fawn, can be absorbed into the bloodstream (enterotoxemia) and were the presumed cause of its severe clinical disease and death. In the present case, no other pathogens or underlying disease processes were microscopically evident, although the widespread and severe tissue damage in the gut may have masked concurrent intestinal infections. There was no histopathologic or laboratory evidence of infection with epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus, bluetongue virus, or cervid adenovirus. Clostridiosis is sporadically detected in both wild and farmed cervid species. Toxin entry via the gut (i.e., enterotoxemia) affects mostly young red and fallow deer, but intestinal infections associated with diarrhea also have been reported in roe deer. C. perfringens has been isolated from farmed fallow deer and red deer with rumen acidosis, enteritis, and/or colitis. A wide variety of nondomestic ruminants can be affected by enteric infection with C. perfringens toxinotypes, but significant disease most commonly is associated with type C (producing alpha and beta toxin) which causes hemorrhagic enteritis. C. perfringens type A has also been implicated as a cause of fatal hemorrhagic enteritis.
Radisic
1
73
NEVPC
2021
27
RABBIT
Intestinal adenocarcinoma
5-year-old intact male rabbit
This animal had an approximately two month history of persistent, gaseous, gastric distension with normal stools. Survey and contrast radiographs suggested an intestinal obstruction. An exploratory laparotomy was performed, and a mass was identified in the area of the duodenal-jejunal intersection, with adhesion of the colon to the serosal surface.
At necropsy, there was abdominal effusion. The omental fat was adhered to the previous surgical site, which did not have gross evidence of stricture or perforation. The left hepatic lobe contained a large cystic mass and there was a small firm nodule in the proximal duodenum.
H&E
Neoplasia of the gastrointestinal tract is consistently reported to be rare in both pet and laboratory rabbits (Oglesbee, Heatley, Turner, van Zeeland). The most commonly reported gastrointestinal neoplasm is bile duct adenoma or its malignant counterpart, cholangiocarcinoma. These are suspected to be associated with infection by Eimeria steidae, presumably due to the inflammation and hyperplasia induced by this organism (Oglesbee, van Zeeland). Other reported primary gastrointestinal neoplasms of rabbits include leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas, as well as rare gastric and colonic adenocarcinomas (Baum, Heatley, Oglesbee, van Zeeland). In this retrospective study, 737 cases of rabbit neoplasia were diagnosed via biopsy and post-mortem examination. Forty four of the cases (44/737; 6%) were primary alimentary tract neoplasia, four of which (4/44; 9%) were intestinal adenocarcinoma. The most common primary alimentary tract neoplasm diagnosed was rectal polyp/adenoma (n=15; 15/44; 34.1%). Intestinal adenocarcinoma, oral squamous cell carcinoma, and intestinal lymphoma were the most commonly diagnosed primary alimentary tract malignancies, with 4 cases each.
Beavis
1
74
NEVPC
2021
28
EQUINE
T-cell rich large B-cell lymphoma
17-year-old Rocky Mountain gelding
There was a one month history of weight loss and one week history of lethargy, inappetence and intermittent fever. Results of a complete blood count (CBC) on the farm included a neutrophilia with toxic neutrophils, hyperfibrinogenemia and hyperalbuminemia.
A 20 cm diameter, firm, white to tan, irregularly shaped mass was found within the intercolonic fold between the right ventral and right dorsal colon, immediately proximal to the diaphragmatic flexure. On cut section, the mass contained multiple, up to 4 cm diameter, foci of a thick yellow to light green fluid (pus). A focal, transmural, mucosal ulceration was noted at the site of the mass, allowing communication between the right ventral and right dorsal colon (fistula). The regional abdominal lymph nodes were enlarged (up to 4 cm diameter) and light tan.
H&E
T-cell-rich large B-cell lymphoma (TCRLBCL) is the most common type of lymphoma reported in horses and is characterized by a mixed population with varying proportions of T-cells, B-cells and other cells such as histiocytes. Infectious etiologies and/or hyperplasia are also strong differentials for these lesions due to the mixed population of cells and presence of necrosis. Definitive diagnosis of TCRLBCL based on H&E staining alone can be challenging; special stains to rule out infectious etiology and immunohistochemistry are helpful in making a final diagnosis. In this case, a fistula communicating between the right ventral and the right dorsal colon was identified, a feature that has not been reported in the veterinary literature.
Hassebroek
1
75
NEVPC
2021
29
PINE SISKIN
Severe subacute focal necrotizing and granulomatous esophagitis with intralesional bacilli and protozoa consistent with Trichomonas sp.
Three pine siskins (Spinus pinus) of unknown age (3/3), one female and two unknown sex
In March 2021, three pine siskins were submitted for necropsy via the LSU wildlife hospital within a one week period (3/9-3/15) with lethargy, inability to fly, diarrhea, and respiratory distress.
The esophagus had one or multiple tan to yellow caseous nodules/plaques on the mucosa (3/3). The spleen had multiple tan, firm nodules measuring 1 mm in diameter (2/3).
H&E
Salmonellosis is considered the cause of death of the pine siskins, and trichomoniasis also contributed to the death of the pine siskin that had this organism. Pine siskins are especially susceptible to Salmonella Typhimurium, and this bacterium can cause high mortality in this species. Trichomoniasis also can be lethal to wild birds, including pine siskins. Transmission of both Salmonella and Trichomonas is via the fecal-oral route and bird feeders play an important role in the spread of the diseases. Salmonellosis in pine siskins not only can cause high mortality in the species, but also has public health significance as humans can contract the disease through contact with sick or dead birds, bird feeders, or indoor-outdoor cats and other companion animals. Regular cleaning of the bird feeders is important, and it is recommended to take the bird feeders down during Salmonella outbreaks.
Lee
1
76
NEVPC
2021
2
EQUINE
Severe acute regionally extensive eosinophilic colitis with fibrinoid vascular necrosis and edema
13-year-old warmblood mare
Presented for colic of approximately 24 hoursÕ duration. Borborygmi were absent and the abdomen was distended but nasogastric intubation yielded no net gastric reflex. Palpation per rectum revealed a taut colonic band coursing from right to left.
At the junction of the pelvic flexure and left dorsal colon was an approximately 15 cm diameter intramural mass with distinct borders that caused narrowing of the lumen and mild obstruction. The mass extended from the antimesenteric border to the mesentery, which was also thickened.
H&E
Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease in horses can occur as part of a multisystemic disease or may be restricted to the gastrointestinal tract. Disease restricted to the gastrointestinal tract may be diffuse or focal. Horses with diffuse eosinophilic enteritis often present with a chronic disease course including weight loss and intermittent colic, whereas focal eosinophilic disease often causes acute colic, as in this case. Focal eosinophilic intestinal disease occurs more commonly in the small intestine (often called idiopathic focal eosinophilic enteritis [IFEE] or, previously, circumferential mural bands [CMB]) but has been reported in the large colon, small colon, and rectum (segmental eosinophilic colitis [SEC]). In the large intestine, the junction of the pelvic flexure and left dorsal colon is the most common site. The pathogenesis of IFEE/SEC is unclear. Individual cases with eosinophilic granulomas, parasitic migration tracts, or infectious agents (e.g. Pythium) have been reported, but no clear association with parasite infestation or anthelmintic treatment, environmental elements, or other factors has been demonstrated for this syndrome. Lesions often contain increased numbers of macrophages and T lymphocytes, suggesting that a derangement of the inflammatory milieu plays a role. The focal form may be an acute exacerbation of the diffuse form as some horses had eosinophilic infiltrates in grossly normal intestine distant from the lesion.
Willis
1
77
NEVPC
2021
30
CANINE
Ulcerative gastritis, necrotizing, focally extensive, suppurative, marked with marked submucosal fibroplasia and hemorrhagic tortuous ectopic artery
11-year-old castrated male Labrador Retriever
5-day history of gastrointestinal bleeding, melena, and anemia. The patient vomits large volumes of blood.
The submitted sample is a 1 cm x 0.5 cm, full-thickness, folded gastric segment.
H&E
The presence of a medium-caliber artery with a wide lumen in the lamina propria and submucosa is very remarkable. Usually, blood vessels of this size are not present in the mucosa or submucosa. This lesion may be consistent with Dieulafoy's lesion observed in human patients, which is characterized by the presence of a single large tortuous small artery in the submucosa. DieulafoyÕs lesion is diagnosed in approximately 1-6% of cases of acute GI bleeding in people and is characterized by a large, aberrant, tortuous artery in the stomach (most commonly) or other parts of the GI tract.Ê To our knowledge, a lesion similar to DieulafoyÕs lesion in people has never been reported in a dog.Ê This case report describes the clinical, surgical, and histological features of a DieulafoyÕs-like lesion in a geriatric domestic canine patient.
Murillo
1
78
NEVPC
2021
31
CANINE
Mucosal myxosarcoma
9-year-old spayed female Boston terrier
The patient presented for anemia, lethargy, and melena of 10 dayÕs duration.
The submitted 14 cm segment of jejunum contained a central, 3 x 3 x 2.5 cm, area of circumferential, mural thickening that was firm, white, and multilobulated on cut surface.
H&E
The two main microscopic differential diagnoses for this patient were leiomyosarcoma and gastrointestinal stromal tumor, which were ruled out by negative immunohistochemistry for smooth muscle actin and c-kit antigens. Myxosarcomas in dogs are rare, most frequently involving the skin and with rare mesenteric, odontogenic, splenic, vertebral, cerebral, ophthalmic, cardiac, and muscular occurrences. Intestinal myxosarcoma in dogs has been alluded to in various sources; however, a published description was not located. In comparison, three reports of cecal myxosarcoma have been described in horses, with consistent histologic features to this case of atypical fibroblastic cells within an alcian blue-positive stroma. Metastasis to regional lymph nodes was present in each of the equine intestinal myxosarcomas cases.
McCullough
1
79
NEVPC
2021
32
RABBIT
B cell lymphoma
9-year-old spayed female Netherland dwarf rabbit
A 6.5-cm-diameter, firm, pale tan irregular mass extended from the tip of the cecum and effaced the vermiform appendix.Ê The mass was cracked and oozing a suppurative exudate.
Received in formalin were eight tissues up to 8 cm in greatest dimension that were processed in four blocks.
H&E
B cell lymphoma
Magnotti
1
80
NEVPC
2021
33
OCTOPUS
Hemocytic and necrotizing adenitis with intralesional cestode larvae, accessory and primary digestive glands
Wild caught, male, prickly reef octopus
This animal was caught in Florida and shipped to an aquarium for display. Transit was delayed and the animal was cold upon arrival to the aquarium.
No significant lesions.
H&E
Cestode infection in cephalopods is frequent, with many cephalopod species serving as intermediate or paratenic hosts and acting as vectors to transport them to other intermediate or definitive hosts. In general, adult cestodes are not found in cephalopods, but the tremendous diversity of larval and post-larval stages detected suggest that cephalopods remain important intermediate hosts, with further maturation occurring in elasmobranchs and fish. In cephalopods, larval cestodes most often infect the digestive tract, but may be found free in the mantle cavity, or encysted within the mantle musculature. There is also one report of an unidentified adult cestode infection in Octopus cyanea, in which the cestodes lived in the circulatory system of the arms and throughout the body, sometimes filling the entire mantle cavity. The most commonly reported cestode to infect cephalopods is Phyllobothrium spp., but cestodes from three other genera have also been identified in the common octopus (Octopus vulgaris) and include the onchoproteocephalidean Acanthobothrium spp, the tetraphyllidea Anthobothrium spp, and the trypanorhynch Nybelinia spp. While adults of Tetraphyllidea and Trypanorhynchea are found within the gastrointestinal tract of sharks, skates, and rays, their larval forms are some of the most commonly identified cestodes in cephalopods. Histologic characteristics of octopus salivary gland cestodiasis have been described in Octopus maya, and were putatively identified as Prochristianella sp.; the digestive tract was not examined in that study.
Finnegan
1
81
NEVPC
2021
34
OCTOPUS
Hemocytic anterior phakitis, multifocal, moderate, with intralesional bacteria and mild anterior uveitis
Wild-caught common octopus
This common octopus (Octopus vulgaris) was acquired from the wild when it was fully grown, and housed at a public display aquarium.Ê The animal started senescing approximately one month prior to death and was euthanized.
At necropsy, the eyes were cloudy.Ê The siphon and gills were pale pink.
H&E
Pathologic ocular lesions in cephalopods are uncommonly reported with only three cases of phakitis and retinitis documented in the literature.
Fiddes
1
82
NEVPC
2021
35
FELINE
Feline infectious peritonitis
17-year-old female spayed domestic shorthair cat
A 17-year-old female spayed domestic shorthair cat presented to NCSU-CVM repeatedly over a week for persistent and progressive anorexia of several weeksÕ duration.Ê Physical examination revealed mild dehydration, a mildly distended and painful abdomen, increased respiratory effort after handling, and a grade II/VI systolic heart murmur.Ê Abdominal ultrasound performed at initial work up revealed several abnormalities, including pancreatomegaly with presumptive pancreatitis and steatitis, cholecystic debris and common bile duct thickening (choledochitis), mild small intestinal thickening and corrugation, jejunal lymphadenopathy, and scant peritoneal effusion.
Skin, mucous membranes, and visceral fat were diffusely pale to bright yellow. Present multifocally across the surface of the pancreas, as well as throughout the adipose of the mesentery and omentum, were too numerous to count, firm to gritty, bright yellow, pinpoint to 3 x 1.5 x 0.5 mm plaque-like nodules (fat saponification). Scattered across the mesentery, splenic capsule, and the serosa of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon, and stomach, were too numerous to count tan nodules ranging in size from pinpoint to 5 mm in diameter that are similar to those described in the thoracic cavity. At the level of the major duodenal papilla, the common bile duct was markedly, segmentally thickened but was patent upon applying pressure to the gallbladder.
H&E
Herein we describe the clinical, gross, and histologic features of a unique presentation of FIP in a geriatric cat. This case was considered unusual due to the age of the affected cat, associated clinical pathology, and major organs affected. First, while FIP is classically considered a disease of young cats, multiple studies have demonstrated a slight increase in FIP incidence in cats >12 years old. The reasons behind this are likely multifactorial and could include immunosenescence and/or debilitation due to concurrent unrelated disease states. Regardless of the underlying pathogenesis, antemortem diagnosis in a geriatric cat can be challenging Ð as was the case for this cat Ð considering that many other diseases (e.g. neoplasia) are more common in this age group. Second, the most significant antemortem clinicopathologic finding in this cat was marked progressive anemia, with evidence of immune-mediated hemolysis (saline agglutination, hyperbilirubinemia) and requirement of a pRBC transfusion. In this case, this finding led clinicians to prioritize more common causes of IMHA (e.g. Mycoplasma haemofelis). While some studies have identified anemia as a common finding in cats with FIP, the most recent ACVIM consensus statement on IMHA concluded that there is negligible evidence to suggest FIP causes IMHA. Despite this, given that the pathogenesis of both diseases is immune-mediated, an immunologic causative link between the two seems possible in this case. Furthermore, pancreatitis in cats has been reported in association with IMHA, and so we speculate that in this case that all three entities (FIP, pancreatitis, and IMHA) are interconnected. Third, in this case the pancreas was significantly affected. Pancreatitis is known as a possible albeit uncommon manifestation of FIP. Like FIP, pancreatitis can also be challenging to diagnose antemortem. In this case, there was elevation of amylase as well as ultrasonographic evidence to support pancreatitis, but FIP was not considered as a differential. Previous reports of FIP have failed to document ultrasonographic evidence of pancreatitis. In a geriatric cat as with this case, differential diagnoses prioritized for the ultrasonographic pancreatomegaly and pancreatitis may include neoplasia (e.g. lymphoma, pancreatic adenocarcinoma) or idiopathic pancreatitis with or without concurrent enteritis and cholangitis (i.e. triaditis). In conclusion, we document a case of confirmed FIP that presented with a constellation of uncommon clinical and pathologic features, including advanced age, IMHA, and extensive involvement of the pancreas. These features underscore the fact that FIP is truly a heterogenous disease in many regards, and that FIP should be considered as a differential diagnosis in geriatric cats with anemia and/or pancreatitis.
Schreeg
1
83
NEVPC
2021
36
NHP - CHIMPANZEE
Multifocal diverticulosis and perforation with chronic, septic, peritonitis
46-year-old female Chimpanzee
An adult female chimpanzee presented for acute decline after a 2-week history of lethargy and inappetence.
Multiple, wide fibrous adhesions were present between the cranial abdominal wall along midline and the underlying serosa / omentum. The caudal abdominal organs within the pelvis (rectum, urinary bladder, ovaries, vagina, distal colon) were consolidated by dense, concentric bands of fibrous tissue. An 18 x 12 x 7 cm pocket of ~150 ml of red, turbid fluid with multiple large blood clots was present in the caudal-right abdomen. This pocket began cranially at the cecum, extended along the right body wall forming a large pool within right-medial pelvic canal and was bounded by a 2-3mm thick gray-tan fibrovascular wall. Three large (up to 2.5 cm diameter), thin walled (regionally < 1 mm thick), diverticula were identified extending from the proximal colon. On the surface, the diverticulum directly opposite the ileo-cecal-colic junction, there was a 10 x 10 mm irregular tear which communicated with the septic pocket described above. The edges of this tear were separated at the mucosal / muscularis and slightly hemorrhagic. The intestinal material within the cecum and proximal colon was similar in color and consistency as that removed from the fluid pocket. After fixation, two additional full thickness tears were observed within the diverticula.
H&E
There was concern for a ruptured bowel in this patient with secondary septic peritonitis. Gross diagnosis and histologic evaluation confirmed antemortem perforation of the colon associated with numerous diverticula. Diverticula are defined as epithelial lined cavities derived from the mucosa that extends up to, and sometimes through the serosa. In humans over 50 years of age, the incidence of colonic diverticulosis can exceed over 50% in western countries. The exact etiology is unclear and generally considered a combination of genetics, a low fiber diet, motility and colonic anatomy / microstructure. The relatively thin regions between taenia are particularly susceptible to diverticula formation, and research models have focused on those species with prominent taenia such as rabbits and monkeys with mixed results.
ÊPresented to the referring veterinarian for lethargy, inappetance, abdominal discomfort (often after eating), vomiting, and diarrhea. At that time, a chemistry panel, barium swallow study, and fecal floatation were unremarkable. Clinical signs did not improve with empirical treatment, and 3.5 weeks later, the dog had lost approximately 15% of body weight. At that time, an abdominal ultrasound revealed diffuse circumferential thickening of the ileum up to 1.80 cm in diameter with a wall thickness of up to 0.91 cm with retention of the layered wall architecture.
The intestinal diameter ranges from 1.3 cm at the margin of the distal jejunum up to 3.5 cm along an approximately 17 cm long, thickened, firm portion of the ileum. The omentum is multifocally adherent to the ileal serosa. Within the thickened ileum, the intestinal wall is up to 8-9 mm thick with retention of wall layering and narrowing of the lumen. Within the ileal wall and along the serosa and adjacent mesenteric adipose are multifocal to coalescing, 4-10 mm diameter, firm, yellow-white nodules.
H&E
The gross and histologic appearance of the ileum are most consistent with the entity of focal intestinal lipogranulomatous lymphangitis (FLL) in dogs. FLL is considered to be a rare and severe variant of canine inflammatory bowel disease and is thought to be related to leakage of lipid-rich chyle from lymphatics within the intestinal wall. FLL has been described in two recent case series of 6 and 10 dogs (Watson et al. and Lecoindre et al., respectively) as well as a smaller older case series from the 1980s (Van Kruiningen et al.). In these studies, dogs commonly presented with chronic diarrhea, vomiting, and weight loss similar to the dog in this case. One of these case series revealed a potential breed predilection for French bulldogs, the same breed as the dog in this case. The previously reported cases of FLL frequently lacked serum biochemical abnormalities; however, a small proportion of the cases had hypoalbuminemia and were associated with protein-losing enteropathy (PLE). This dog had low normal to mildly decreased serum albumin levels which may reflect early development of PLE in this case. Abdominal ultrasound in cases of FLL typically reveals circumferential segmental thickening of predominantly the muscularis of the distal jejunum or ileum +/- ileocolic junction. Grossly, focal intestinal lipogranulomatous lymphangitis appears as a thickened and firm segment of intestine (typically distal jejunum or ileum), often with numerous small (about 5 mm diameter) firm white nodules along the mesenteric border, which is consistent with gross findings in this case. Histologically, lipogranulomas are primarily observed within the muscularis, serosa, and mesentery with lesser involvement of the submucosa. Lipogranulomas are often surrounding dilated lymphatics and consist of predominantly epithelioid and foamy macrophages with occasional lymphocytes and multinucleated giant cells, sometimes with intralesional cholesterol clefts. The mucosa often appears unaffected; thus, endoscopic intestinal biopsies are typically inadequate for a diagnosis of FLL. In this case as well as a few other reported cases of FLL, there is concurrent dilation of the lacteals in the mucosal villi (lymphangiectasia). In addition to the typical lesions of FLL, this case also exhibits minimal to moderate eosinophilic and lymphoplasmacytic inflammation throughout the other examined portions of the intestine, suggestive of underlying diffuse inflammatory bowel disease. Histologic evaluation of additional portions of the intestine besides the main lesion has not been well-described in the previous case series. The etiology and pathogenesis of focal intestinal lipogranulomatous lymphangitis is currently unknown but is thought to be related to rupture of lymphatic vessels from impaired lymphatic flow and/or injury or malformation of the lymphatic vessels. In cases of FLL, infectious causes of granulomatous enteritis, such as Pythium insidiosum, Histoplasma capsulatum, Mycobacterium, Prototheca, Heterobilharzia americana, and invasive E. coli (associated with granulomatous colitis of boxer dogs and French bulldogs) may also be considered as differentials. Histology and histochemical stains (silver stains, PAS, and Ziehl-Neelsen) as well as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for invasive E. coli were unable to reveal any underlying infectious agents in previously described FLL cases. Similarly, histology along with GMS and PAS stains in this case did not reveal any underlying infectious agents. Additionally, the macrophages within lipogranulomas did not positively stain with PAS, unlike the entity of granulomatous colitis in boxer dogs and French bulldogs. In the most recent case series, surgical resection of the thickened intestinal segment and post-operative treatment with metronidazole and tapering immunosuppressive doses of prednisolone achieved remission in 8/10 dogs, while 2/10 dogs had persistent diarrhea and were euthanized within 6 months after surgery due to severe clinical decline. At the most recent check-in about 1.5 weeks post-surgery, this dog is eating well and defecating soft to semi-formed feces 4-5 times a day with gradual improvement.
Rasche
1
86
NEVPC
2021
6
MOUSE
Marked diffuse chronic neutrophilic and lymphoplasmacytic typhlocolitis with epithelial necrosis, neutrophilic exudation, crypt hyperplasia, crypt abscesses, and intralesional Gram-positive bacilli
2-month old female mouse
Dehydration, hunched posture, weight loss, and watery, yellow diarrhea. These were NOD.Foxo1-Fl/Fl(homozygous).LCK-cre(heterozygous) (nFL) mice, a novel strain developed by a laboratory at UNC to study the role of Foxo1 in type 1 diabetes mellitus.
The colon and cecum are diffusely, moderately, transmurally thickened.
H&E
n this case, the gross and histopathologic lesions and ancillary testing are consistent with typhlocolitis due to toxigenic Clostridioides difficile (formerly Clostridium difficile) infection in an nFL mouse.
Nagel
1
87
NEVPC
2021
7
EQUINE
Focal adenomatous polyp with ileocecal intussusception, necrosis, fibrin deposition, and hemorrhage, ileum
17 year old Quarter Horse gelding
Presented for colic
At the level of the ileocecocolic junction, there was a 37cm segment of ileum everted into the cecum (intussusception). Extending from the mucosa of the affected ileum at the tip of the intussusceptum was a focal, pedunculated, multilobulated, exophytic, dark brown to dark red, friable mass measuring approximately 5 cm x 3 cm x 5 cm. The remaining mucosa of the intussusceptum was diffusely dark red and roughened with a thick, mottled brown to red fibrin mat, and the submucosa was moderately expanded by edema and was diffusely dark red. The serosa and surrounding mesentery of the involved ileal segment was mottled dark red to pale tan with multifocal petechiae. Extending from the mesentery/serosa in this region (from the serosa of the intussusceptum) was a pedunculated, mottled pale tan to red, fatty mass measuring 5 cm in diameter (lipoma). Arising from the mucosa of the cecum immediately aboral to the intussusception, was a broad based, regionally extensive, multi-lobulated, exophytic, dark brown mass measuring 10 cm x 10 cm x 2 cm. On cut surface, this mass was friable, caseous, and mottled dark yellow to brown to red to pale tan with multifocal petechiae.
H&E
Adenomatous polyps are considered to be benign neoplastic lesions typically composed of tubular and/or villous epithelial proliferations. Intestinal adenomatous polyps have been previously reported in sheep, cattle, dogs, cats, horses, and humans. Adenomatous polyps are rare in adult horses and have been described in one case of duodenal obstruction and another case of multifocal adenomatous polyposis resulting in protein losing enteropathy. The underlying cause of polyp development in horses is unknown but may be associated with spontaneous formation or genetic predisposition.
Womble
1
88
NEVPC
2021
8
LOBSTER
Necrosis, multifocal, random, moderate to severe with hemocytes and gram-negative bacteria, hepatopancreas
Young adult Caribbean spiny lobster, Panulirus argus
Increased fatalities in a local public aquarium. Mortalities spanned multiple tanks connected to the same life support system.
The hemolymph was mildly opaque and did not clot. The hepatopancreas was tan to green with multifocal small, firm white foci.
H&E
Gross and microscopic findings for multiple maladies present similarly in lobsters because of their limited ability to respond to disease and bodily damage. This lobster had significant multifocal necrosis of the hepatopancreas centered on gram-negative bacteria. Vibrio harveyi was cultured, identified initially by MALDI-TOF MS and confirmed by MLSA, nanopore and Illumina sequencing.Ê Vibrio spp. result in morbidity and mortality for many aquatic animals and V. harveyi is considered one of the most significant pathogens of cultured shrimp, resulting in necrosis of the striated tail muscle. Several other Vibrio spp. are implicated in limp lobster disease and luminous vibriosis. Laser capture microdissection and genome analysis for virulence factors and anti-resistance elements are ongoing.
Dill-Okubo
1
89
NEVPC
2021
9
CANINE
Canine ß-mannosidosis
Approximately 1 year old, male, mixed breed, Canis familiaris
Initially presented with progressive stumbling, weakness, and regurgitation.
Absence of subcutaneous and inner adipose tissue and severe muscle atrophy. Severe enlargements of the dorsal and ventral vagal branches, vagosympathetic trunk, phrenic nerve, cervical nerves and dorsal root ganglia were noted. The aboral esophagus was mildly distended (megaesophagus, Abnormalities of the central nervous system (CNS) included a mild internal bilateral symmetric hydrocephalus (lateral ventricles) and white matter atrophy. The kidneys were mildly enlarged and pale. The liver was enlarged, and pale brown, with left lateral lobe liver rupture and fibrosis. Both thyroid glands, spleen, and multiple lymph nodes were mildly enlarged. Multifocal small gastric pyloric ulcers were noted.
H&E
The clinical signs in this dog were consistent with a central and peripheral neuropathy. The histological findings were consistent with a systemic storage disease. Lesions in the submucosal and myenteric plexus extended throughout the length of the gastrointestinal tract. In humans with ß-mannosidosis, behavioral changes, deafness, and mental disabilities are noted as early as a few months of age with other vague neurological signs. In contrast, ruminants with ß-mannosidosis exhibit a severe CNS disorder with facial and skeletal dysmorphia and neonatal death. Plasma concentration of the ß-mannosidosis specific oligosaccharide was approximately 75 fold that of controls. The plasma beta-mannosidase activity was severely reduced to ~5% of controls; five other lysosomal acid hydrolase activities were increased or within their normal reference interval. Genomic sequencing of this dog's MANBA gene identified a homozygous exonic five bp tandem duplication in the penultimate exon of the MANBA gene (c.2377_2381dupTATCA) which results in a reading frame shift, altering the subsequent amino acid sequence and creating a premature stop codon. The truncated beta-mannosidase enzymeis expected to be dysfunctional. This enzyme deficiency causes the accumulation of un-degraded oligosaccharides in cells, which affect the myelination of the peripheral and central nervous systems.
Bolfa
1
90
Southcentral Division
2021
11
GOOSE
Severe, subacute, encephalitis with lymphoplasmacytic perivascular cuffing and gliosis
3-month-old, male intact, goose
Presented from a flock of 20+ animals, with 3 having already died and one other sick. The goose had three days of neurologic episodes starting on 8/6/21 including ataxia, decreased mentation, head and neck tremors, as well as anorexia and lethargy. A physical exam revealed bradycardia, weakness, BCS 3/9, increased respiratory effort, intermittent coughing, wheezing, serous nasal discharge, and diarrhea.
The goose was emaciated with serous atrophy of fat. The lateral aspect of the right 4th digit had three well demarcated, irregular, reddish ulcers ranging from 6mm to 1.5cm in diameter. A similar lesion affected the lateral aspect of the right tarsus that was covered with a dark red crust. The subcutaneous tissue of the right inguinal and sacral areas was moderately expanded by yellowish edema The middle one-third of the trachea had petechial to ecchymotic hemorrhages.
H&E
West Nile flavivirus (WNV) was detetcted via PCR , no Eastern equine encephalitis alphavirus was detected, and the histologic lesions are suggestive of WNV infection. The brain was affected by perivascular infiltrates, astrogliosis and occasional spheroids within the white matter. The eye was also affected with lymphoplasmacytic pectenitis, optic neuritis and panuveitis. The sciatic and the myenteric plexus of the ileum were affected by lymphoplasmacytic lymphoplasmacytic neuritis. The skin lesion was likely secondary to trauma related to neurologic signs.
Erwood
1
91
Southcentral Division
2021
12
CAPRINE
Severe subacute multifocal suppurative cholangitis with biliary coccidia and bacilli
1.5-week-old, female, goat
Presented for weakness, nasal discharge, and emaciation. Overnight, the goat died while hospitalized. 12 kids have died recently on the farm, and several others had been showing similar clinical signs.
The goat is in emaciated body condition has serous atrophy of the renal pelvic fat. The ventral portion of the right cranial lung lobe is dark pink to red, firm, and depressed. Multifocal, small, round, tan foci of caseous material are within the parenchyma. The affected section of lung sinks in formalin. The bile ducts have thickened walls and are filled with pale green mucoid material. The gallbladder is distended with similar material. The right middle ear contains a moderate amount of yellow pasty exudate.
H&E
The cause of death in this goat was due to bronchopneumonia caused by Bibersteinia trehalose, and the biliary coccidiosis was considered an incidental finding. Biliary coccidosis is commonly recognized in rabbits (Eimeria stiedae) but rarely reported in other species such as mink, goats, chamois, hippopotami, a pig, a calf, and a dog. While the pathophysiology is uncertain, intestinal tract, blood, or lymphatic spread have all been proposed methods of infection as sporozoites and oocysts have been found in mesenteric lymph nodes. In goats, there are two reported forms of this disease: the biliary form, which is restricted to the biliary tract and gallbladder and leads to biliary hyperplasia, fibrosis, and occasionally hepatic necrosis; and the hepatobiliary form, which is additionally characterized by intrahepatic zygotes and widespread hepatic granulomas containing oocysts. This case is an example of an early stage of the biliary form as evidenced by the lack of biliary hyperplasia, fibrosis, and necrosis. It is suspected in this case that biliary coccidiosis predisposed the goat to a secondary bacterial cholangitis. A fecal floatation yielded many Eimeria spp, and no intestinal coccidia were appreciated microscopically. One report identified Eimeria caprina and Emeria alijevi from bile of a goat with hepatobiliary coccidiosis. The microscopic morphology of this biliary coccidia is most consistent with E. caprinia.
Paulson
1
92
Southcentral Division
2021
13
CANINE
Diffuse lymphoma
10-year-old spayed female West Highland Terrier
The dog was referred for suspected nodal B-cell lymphoma based on equivocal lymph node biopsy results and generalized lymphadenopathy. Lymph node cytology was inconclusive, but the diagnosis of lymphoma was supported by flow cytometric small B-cell lymphocytosis and evidence of clonal rearrangement of the B-cell receptor via PCR. Flow cytometry, cytology, and biopsy were all suggestive of an indolent phenotype, and the patient appeared otherwise healthy with no clinical signs, so continued monitoring was elected over treatment.
A 6x7x4 cm, multilobular, well-demarcated, dark red to pale tan, firm mass effaced the cranial mediastinum and sternal lymph nodes and was firmly attached to the thoracic wall. Diffusely, there was moderate to marked enlargement of the mandibular, retropharyngeal, superficial cervical, sternal, gastric, and pancreatic lymph nodes. These lymph nodes were pale tan to dark red, semi-firm, and bulged on cut section. The spleen was diffusely enlarged with a meaty texture and was mottled pale tan to red.
H&E
Although a conclusive histologic subtype was not determined, the initially diagnosed lymphoma had many characteristics suggestive of an indolent phenotype. The patient then developed acute and severe disease caused by aggressive lymphoma which was both morphologically and characteristically inconsistent with that which was previously diagnosed. Thus, this case represents a transformation of an indolent hematopoietic neoplasm to a more aggressive form. The transformation could have happened by one of three possible mechanisms: 1) a clonal subpopulation of the indolent neoplasm acquired subsequent mutations which allowed it to transform into the more aggressive form, 2) the disseminated lymphoma was not descended from the indolent neoplasm but shared a common neoplastic lymphoid precursor, or 3) the aggressive lymphoma arose de novo and had no genetic relation to the indolent lymphoma. Genetic, chromosomal, and phenotypic comparison between the two neoplastic populations is required to differentiate between these mechanisms. Unfortunately, this analysis was not performed in this case except for confirmation of consistent expression of CD20.
Dulli
1
93
Southcentral Division
2021
14
CANINE
Osteosarcoma
9-year-old spayed female Labrador Retriever dog
This patient presented due to several subcutaneous masses on the left neck, left shoulder, ventral sternum, right thigh, and left thigh. Chest radiographs revealed several lung masses.
The mass on the left shoulder was firm, and it measured 10x8x6 cm.
H&E
At the time of biopsy and cytology, the initial diagnosis for the subcutaneous masses was a sarcoma, favoring an osteosarcoma. Alkaline phosphatase stain was performed on the cytological slides from the neck, and the neoplastic cells had small, black, intracytoplasmic granules. Unfortunately, the animal developed respiratory distress after the thoracic radiograph, and due to the poor prognosis, humane euthanasia was elected. Necropsy findings supported the diagnosis of disseminated osteosarcoma, with a primary right scapular mass and metastases to the mediastinum, peritoneum, lung, skeletal muscle, kidney, lymph nodes, liver, and heart.
Faccin
1
94
Southcentral Division
2021
15
TURTLE
Moderate, multifocal, chronic, ulcerative enteritis with epithelial hyperplasia and intraluminal acanthocephalans, jejunum
Adult female red-eared slider turtle
This turtle was brought to the Texas A&M Zoological service for removal of a fishhook in the cervical esophagus. When endoscopically examined, the turtle was discovered to have perforations in the esophagus and suspected in the stomach; plans were made for plastronotomy the following day. The turtle was found dead the following morning.
The esophagus was punctured by a 4 cm long fishhook with exit points 10 cm and 7.5 cm distal to the oral cavity, with associated fibrin and mucosal hemorrhage and necrosis. In addition, approximately ten 1.8 to 2 cm long, thin, white parasites with curled tails were spread throughout the proximal small intestinal mucosa. At the sites of infestation, the small intestinal mucosa was mottled yellow to bright red (enteritis).
H&E
The cause of death in this case was likely associated with the trauma and inflammation secondary to esophageal perforation. The intestinal parasites were incidental but provide a good opportunity to review turtle parasites, particularly as the red-eared slider is a popular pet species and is also one of the IUCN’s 100 worst invasive species.
Hines
1
95
Southcentral Division
2021
16
AVIAN
Multifocal granulomatous disease involving airsacs, lungs, heart, and serosa
Lavender Orpington pullet
Backyard flock. Owner found the bird dead and brought it to the lab that morning.
The hen was emaciated (BCS 1/9). The base of feather shafts on the neck and inguinal regions were thickly coated with lice eggs. Hundreds of living northern fowl mites were present in the feathers. The crop contained a brownish slurry with a sour odor. The pericardial sac and cranial airsacs were thickened and opaque. Multifocal, < 2 mm, slightly raised, irregular, white lesions were visible on the heart. There were variably sized (generally < 4 mm), multifocal to coalescing, white to tan, firm lesions in both lungs. The dorsal aspect of the right lung was occupied by a single firm white mass, and both sets of lungs were adhered to the body wall. The lung masses were encapsulated and comprised of concentrically layered caseous material. There was a 3 x 3 cm, solid, multilobulated to botryoidal, white to tan, slightly hemorrhagic mass adhered to the body wall, cranioventral aspect of the left lung lobe, and regionally adjacent airsacs. Smaller, similar, isolated masses were distributed on the cranial aspect of the liver capsule and were particularly numerous on the serosa of the proventriculus. The intestines were empty of digesta but contained numerous adult ascarids. The cecae were distended with firm orange cores. The ovary was immature. Ureters were distended with yellow chalky material and there were two small (< 2 mm) white masses in the right kidney.
H&E
Apperson
1
96
Southcentral Division
2021
17
NHP - BABOON
Hepatitis, necrotizing, pyogranulomatous, lymphoplasmacytic, chronic, severe with myriad amoebic trophozoites
26-year-old female baboon
Euthanized following decline condition due to severe bilateral stifle osteoarthritis with synovial osteochondromatosis, moderate dental tartar, and kyphosis with compression of vertebral bodies with bridging (spondylosis deformans).
The liver had a large 12x4x4 cm multilobulated mass with cavernous spaces filled with thick yellow material. Multiple yellow firm smaller masses (ranging from 2mm – 2cm) filled with yellow soft material were found along the edges.
H&E
The family Entamoebidae is composed of diverse protists primarily found in gastrointestinal tract of humans, nonhuman primates (NHPs) and other animals. E. histolytica species complex (E. histolytica, E. dispar and E. moshkovskii) have similar morphology but have different virulence capabilities. E. dispar is primarily an enteric pathogen and E. moshkovskii is a free-living organism. E. histolytica is reported to cause typhlocolitis and extra-intestinal abscessation in humans and NHPs. Few cases of E. nuttalli has been reported in Japanese macaques and wild rhesus macaques of Nepal. The cysts or trophozoites of all species of Entamoeba are indistinguishable on histologic examination. Typical gross lesions include necrohemorrhagic and ulcerative colitis with lumen filled with blood or fibrinonecrotic debris. Abscessation may occur in liver, lungs, kidney and brain. Histologic findings in colon include necrosis of mucosa that may extend to the muscularis mucosa and flask-shaped ulcers in colon. Trophozoites of E. histolytica are spherical (10-50 um in diameter) surrounded by a thin clear halo; have a nucleus with a central dense karyosome and chromatin plaques at the periphery; light staining, granular cytoplasm with remnants of erythrocytes and glycogen (PAS positive). Differentials for colitis in NHPs include: Shigella flexneri, Shigella sonnei, Salmonella enteritidis, S. typhimurium, Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, Yersinia enterocolitica, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Differentials for necrotizing and suppurative hepatitis in NHPs include: Bacterial: Francisella tularensis, Clostridium piliforme and alphaherpesviruses, tuberculosis, coccidiodomycosis, Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Streptococcus zooepidemicus. Viral: Hepatitis viruses, Yellow fever virus, Herpes B virus, Ebola and Marburg viruses.
Shivanna
1
97
Southcentral Division
2021
18
CANINE
Marked proliferative and lymphohistiocytic endarteritis, thrombosis, and mural necrosis of the pulmonary artery with intralesional nematodes consistent with Dirofilaria immitis
8-year-old male American Bulldog/pitbull mix
Submitted as a legal case for “caught in the crossfire of a gunfight” with no medical history.
There were more than eighty long, slender, white nematodes consistent with Dirofilaria immitis in the right ventricle extending into and expanding the pulmonary artery, and at least five worms in the caudal vena cava. The lungs were diffusely firm and rubbery and failed to collapse, and off-white to pale beige with a brown-orange tinge and multiple hemorrhagic foci throughout all lobes. There was an 8 x 13 x 8mm nodule in the cranial aspect of the right cranial lung lobe and a second nodule measuring 2 cm in diameter in the middle of the right caudal lung lobe – on cut surface, both were purple-brown and spreadable (necrosis). There were a minimum of thirty heartworms measuring up to 29cm in length in the main artery of the right caudal lung lobe, and some extended into the area of necrosis. A minimum of five heartworms were also present in the right caudal mainstem bronchus. On cut surface of the right cranial lung lobe, two large vessels were enlarged and thrombosed, with heartworms incorporated in the thrombi. The left caudal lobe was similar to the right side, including a thrombus and the presence of heartworms; heartworm burdens were heavier in the caudal lung lobes. There were approximately ten heartworms in the accessory lung lobe.
H&E
Due to coincidental environmental happenings, this dog was presented as a legal case. However, gross necropsy revealed a lack of penetrating wounds. Rather, there was severe dirofilariasis and pulmonary disease, with thrombosis and necrosis of the multiple large pulmonary arteries, large amounts of blood in the bronchi along with several heartworms, and a very large volume of clotted blood in the stomach. Cause of death was determined to be a combination of exsanguination, and drowning from the blood in the airways.
Vyhnal
1
98
Southcentral Division
2021
19
EQUINE
Odontodysplasia, multifocal to coalescing, severe, with marked focally extensive hypercementosis, moderate multifocal to coalescing necrotizing and histiocytic pulpitis, periodontitis, and osteomyelitis with several cocci
2Y, F, quarter horse, equine
This mare presented with unilateral maxillary swelling. On exam, feed packing was noted in the deciduous premolar #606. Further evaluation of the swelling via diagnostic imaging revealed an impacted and abnormally oriented maturing second premolar #206 associated with a multilocular cystic structure.
The maxillary width is expanded twice normal by an impacted and malformed tooth #206 and an associated multilocular cystic structure (not identifiable on submitted slide). Tooth #206 is approximately half the normal length, crescentic, angled approximately 45 degrees off the eruption axis, and oriented apical-palatine to occlusal-buccal with the developing pulp horns forming nonparallel structures that wrap back apical-buccal. The multilocular cystic structure around tooth #206 measures up to 3x3x1cm, unilaterally expands the maxilla, and has an empty lumen with a smooth tan surface. Tooth #606, while in the process of physiologic exfoliation, also has a loss of the infundibulum with replacement by brown-green foreign material (feed packing).
H&E
Odontodysplasia is rarely reported and is characterized by the disruption of normal dentinogenesis and results in abnormally shaped and often impacted teeth. There are two types of odontodysplasia - focal and regional. While focal odontodysplasia has been described in veterinary species, regional odontodysplasia refers to a human-specific entity of unknown cause where the teeth in an entire quadrant of the mouth are malformed; regional odontodysplasia has not been adequately described in any veterinary species. Focal odontodysplasia is typically trauma-induced, which alters the orientation of the enamel organ resulting in an abnormally shaped, frequently impacted or un-erupted tooth that is characterized by a dysplastic proliferation of the odontogenic germinal tissues and dental matrices (dentin, enamel, and cementum). Other causes of disruption to the enamel organ (such as infection, irritation, or other cause of inflammation) may result in a similar dysplastic proliferation.
Schwarten
1
99
Southcentral Division
2021
1
AVIAN
Moderate, multifocal to coalescing, subacute, lymphoplasmacytic and histiocytic, periportal to random necrotizing hepatitis with intracellular protozoal merozoites, macrogamonts, and microgamonts
Adult female house sparrow
This sparrow was part of a small, wild-caught research colony. It and another male sparrow in a separate cage were found dead within 12 hours of one another with no previous clinical signs reported.
Multifocally throughout the serosal surface of the jejunum were small aggregates of fibrin and the jejunal and colonic walls were expanded by a moderate amount of edema, consistent with a fibrinous coelomitis and potentially an enteritis. A section of liver is on the submitted slide.
H&E
In addition to the hepatic changes, a severe protozoal enterocolitis, splenitis, and pneumonia were appreciated, and coccidial organisms were appreciated in all tissues except the spleen. The morphology and distribution were most consistent with Atoxoplasma spp. Real-time PCR (rtPCR) was performed on the liver for Toxoplasma spp. and Chlamydia psittaci. Both were negative, while rtPCR for Atoxoplasma spp. on the liver was positive. The other affected sparrow displayed similar lesions and had identical rtPCR results. Atoxoplasma spp. are considered a junior objective synonym of Isospora, however more recent investigation has suggested it is more closely related to Eimeria spp. The syndrome of atoxoplasmosis is currently most accurately described as systemic isosporosis. Infection is considered endemic in wild birds, being found in all continents except Antarctica, and can cause acute fatal disease when birds are stressed, immunosuppressed, or have other concurrent infections, particularly in captive passerines. These parasites have a direct life cycle and are transmitted by ingestion of infective oocysts, though there is some evidence for transmission via a mite in house sparrows. The parasite undergoes asexual reproduction in the intestine and reticuloendothelial system, resulting in systemic spread, primarily to the liver, though other organs may be involved. Sexual reproduction occurs primarily in the intestinal tract, though sexual stages have been demonstrated occasionally in some species, including house sparrows. Clinical signs are nonspecific and include inappetence, weight loss, diarrhea, lethargy, and ruffled feathers. Antemortem diagnosis can be difficult because strictly enteric Isospora oocysts are indistinguishable from those which cause systemic isosporosis. Serial blood smears are required to detect the parasite within mononuclear inflammatory cells. Despite the difficulties of taxonomic classification, systemic isosporosis represents an important disease of captive passerines with the potential to cause major morbidity and mortality events in captive passerines.
Bacon
1
100
Southcentral Division
2021
2
CAPRINE
Severe, multifocal, acute tubular necrosis and degeneration with abundant intratubular oxalate crystals and occasional intra-tubular granular pigment (oxalate nephrosis and pigmentary nephrosis)
7-year-old, male castrated, domestic goat
This pet goat was apparently healthy two days prior to presentation. He became reluctant to stand and was lethargic, at which point he was taken to a local veterinary clinic. The owners believed their goat was poisoned since someone left a package of lamb chops on their porch the previous day to taunt them. Upon physical exam, the goat was non-ambulatory and slightly obtunded. CBC and chemistry revealed increased BUN and creatinine, as well as increased creatine kinase, LDH, and a slight neutrophilia. Clinical signs worsened during the hospital stay, and the patient passed away.
Transparent, yellow fluid was found in the abdomen, thorax, and pericardial sac. Systemic icterus was apparent. Multiple organs showed pallor, primarily the kidneys, heart, and brain. The liver was swollen with an enhanced reticular pattern. The rumen contained plastic bags and large roots. Lice were seen on the skin, and whipworms were found in the cecum.
H&E
Histologic changes and toxicologic testing in this case led to a diagnosis of ethylene glycol toxicosis. Ethylene glycol toxicosis is not common in ruminants, as compared with dogs and cats, although there are a few reports. The large amount of calcium oxalate crystals in this case, particularly in the brain, was a unique finding. Calcium oxalate crystals typically form following ethylene glycol ingestion. Insoluble calcium oxalate forms following gastrointestinal absorption of ethylene glycol, where it precipitates or crystalizes in vessel lumens, particularly in the kidney, and rarely in the brain. Histologically, large deposits of oxalate crystals can be seen in renal tubular lumens, tubular epithelial cells, and the interstitium of the kidney. Under polarized light, these crystal deposits characteristically appear birefringent, shaped like prisms, and arranged in sheaves.
JACOBSON
1
101
Southcentral Division
2021
3
BOVINE
Moderate, multifocal, chronic, lymphoplasmacytic and histiocytic ganglionitis with neuronal loss and intracytoplasmic viral inclusion bodies, omasum
6-month-old Wagyu bull calf
The calf was treated for sepsis 5 months prior to presentation. The calf was lethargic and weak for several days. On presentation, the calf was stuporous and dehydrated with injected sclera and hyperemic mucous membranes. Fecal staining was prominent on the tail and perineum, and the body condition was poor. Neurologic signs included horizontal nystagmus, decreased pupillary light reflex, and seizures. During treatment, the animal became comatose and arrested. The calf was revived with CPR, but soon became agonal and died.
Diffusely, the lungs were mildly firm and uncollapsed, while the cranioventral right lung lobe was dark red to purple. The tracheobronchial, lumbar, iliac, and mesenteric lymph nodes were mildly enlarged. The pyloric wall was mildly thickened. Multifocally, segments of the jejunum were dark purple, dilated, and thinned. The meninges were moderately congested.
H&E
The diagnosis of rabies was made with fluorescent antibody testing at the Texas Department of Health and immunohistochemistry. No bite wounds or trauma to the skin was noted, and the origin of the infection remains unclear. The lesions in the brain were typical for rabies, and viral inclusion bodies were numerous. Inclusions were also apparent in the adrenal gland and salivary gland. The changes in the lungs were attributed to bronchopneumonia.
Landsgaard
1
102
Southcentral Division
2021
4
EQUINE
Ameloblastoma
9-yr-old Quarter Horse gelding
The horse presented with a mandibular mass that rapidly and progressively grew over the course of six weeks. On external examination, a large firm swelling was noted beneath the tongue. Radiographs revealed a large, invasive, and lytic mass that encompassed the rostral mandible to the level of both mandibular canines. A rostral mandibulectomy was performed, and the rostral mandible was submitted.
A 12x11x10 cm rostral mandible including canine teeth with an approximately 8x7x5 cm, firm to hard, round, symmetrical, tan to red mass was submitted. The mass encompassed the mandible and protruded ventrally. On cut surface, the mass was tan to yellow, firm to hard, heavily cavitated, and effaced surrounding alveolar bone.
H&E
The location and gross appearance of this mass were highly suggestive of an odontogenic neoplasm. Other differentials included an odontogenic cyst, osteoma, ossifying fibroma, osteosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. Odontogenic neoplasms in horses are uncommon, and there is no known breed or sex predilection. Masses often present as slow growing and nonpainful swellings within the maxilla or mandible. Odontogenic neoplasms are classified by tissue of origin, and the types identified in horses include ameloblastoma, ameloblastic odontoma, ameloblastic carcinoma, odontoma, and complex odontoma. Ameloblastoma is classified based on odontogenic epithelium with absence of pulp ectomesenchyme and mineralized dental matrix. Histologically, odontogenic epithelium is classified by stellate reticulum and palisading of basilar epithelium with antibasilar nuclei and a basilar clear zone. Neoplastic cells are often arranged in plexiform ribbons, islands, anastomosing trabeculae, and “ink drop” structures. Ameloblastomas in horses are more common in the mandible than the maxilla.Odontogenic neoplasms tend to be benign, locally invasive, expansile, and cause alveolar and cortical bone lysis with displacement of teeth. The exception is the ameloblastic carcinoma, which has been shown to have a higher degree of malignancy and greater rate of metastasis. Treatment for odontogenic neoplasms include complete surgical excision, and prognosis is generally good. Local recurrence with incomplete margins has been reported.
Lui
1
103
Southcentral Division
2021
5
CANINE
Moderate, multifocal, chronic, neutrophilic, histiocytic, and plasmacytic epicarditis with marked multifocal epicardial fibrosis and mesothelial hyperplasia, with onion skin cysts consistent with Hepatooon americanum
Adult, male intact, mixed breed dog
The patient presented for evaluation of hyporexia and weight loss of approximately one month duration and progressive abdominal distension and labored breathing of approximately two weeks duration. Point of care abdominal and thoracic ultrasounds revealed tricavitary effusion. Cytologic examination of the peritoneal and pleural fluid were consistent with a modified transudate and transudate, respectively. A 4Dx Plus SNAP test was negative. The patient failed to respond to supportive care and continued to decline, thus the owners elected humane euthanasia.
The peritoneal cavity, pleural cavity, and pericardial sac contained marked, moderate, and mild amounts of serosanguineous to straw-yellow, clear fluid, respectively (tricavitary effusion). Multifocally, the parietal pleura lining the diaphragm and intercostal muscles, visceral pulmonary pleura, pericardial sac, and epicardium were moderately to markedly thickened, white, opaque, and firm (fibrosis). The right cranial and right middle lung lobes were adhered to the body wall by a marked amount of fibrosis. The apex of the left ventricle was adhered to the pericardial sac by a 1 cm diameter band of fibrosis. Multifocally, mesothelial hyperplasia covered the caudal lung lobes, epicardium of the right auricle, and mediastinum. There was mild endocardiosis of the mitral valve. The liver was diffusely and moderately enlarged with rounded margins (hepatomegaly) and a heterogeneously pale tan to dark red parenchyma on cut section (chronic passive congestion).
H&E
Canine hepatozoonosis is a tick-borne disease in the southeastern and south-central United States caused by Hepatozoon canis or Hepatozoon americanum, although infection with H. americanum is diagnosed more frequently. The vector and definitive host of H. canis and H. americanum are the brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, and the Gulf Coast tick, Amblyomma maculatum, respectively. Dogs are infected by ingestion of an infected tick containing mature oocysts. Sporozoites are released from oocysts in the dog’s small intestine after exposure to bile, penetrate the intestinal wall, and disseminate to target tissues by mononuclear cells where the organisms undergo merogony. The primary target tissues for H. americanum are cardiac and skeletal muscle, whereas H. canis prefers hematopoietic tissue including bone marrow, spleen, and lymph nodes. Within primary target tissues, H. americanum develops in its host cell within “onion skin cysts” eventually forming a meront that ruptures releasing numerous merozoites. Unlike H. americanum, H. canis does not form “onion skin cysts”, and instead forms distinctive “wheel-spoke” meronts containing numerous micromerozoites. In dogs infected with H. americanum, release of merozoites in the heart and skeletal muscle results in pyogranulomatous inflammation and vasculitis. In this case, the protozoal “onion skin cysts” in the cardiac and skeletal muscle are consistent with H. americanum. Although myocarditis is not evident in the examined sections, areas of cardiomyocyte loss with replacement by fibrosis and mineralization are observed, which may be secondary to historic inflammation caused by H. americanum. The findings in the pericardium and epicardium are suggestive of chronic constrictive pericarditis and epicarditis. Constrictive pericarditis is rare in dogs and cats, and causes identified include metallic foreign bodies, coccidioidomycosis, and actinomycosis. Severe cardiac dysfunction and impaired diastolic filling eventually result in congestive heart failure and death if not treated. Even though H. americanum is not identified in the pericardium and epicardium, the presence of neutrophilic and histiocytic inflammation in the epicardium, lymphoplasmacytic inflammation in the pericardium, and lack of other findings suggest H. americanum may be the cause of the chronic inflammation and fibrosis observed, leading to constrictive pericarditis and biventricular heart failure in this dog.
Milliron
1
104
Southcentral Division
2021
6
RING-TAILED LEMUR
Multifocal, mild, acute necrotizing hepatitis with intrahistiocytic and free protozoa
2.4 kg, adult, neutered male ring-tailed lemur
The lemur was lethargic, inappetent, depressed, and developed a cough an hour before death. Two other lemurs in the colony exhibited similar signs and also died.
The liver was diffusely pale tan. The lungs were diffusely dark red and mildly heavy and wet (congestion and edema). Foamy fluid was within the trachea. A lymph node at the root of the mesentery was mildly enlarged, measuring 2x1.5x1 cm. The kidneys were diffusely dark purple. The abdominal cavity adipose tissue was mildly yellow.
H&E
Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide disease cause by an apicomplexan intracellular coccidia, Toxoplasma gondii. Felids are the definitive hosts, whereas a variety of warm-blooded animals including humans, bear, deer, pigs, moose, bison, marine mammals, marsupials, birds, and small mammals serve as intermediate hosts. The presentations and mortality of this disease vary greatly depending on the immune response and susceptibility of the species affected. Marsupials (particularly macropods), New World monkeys, and lemurs are highly susceptible to fatal acute disseminated toxoplasmosis. They typically develop enteritis, necrotizing mesenteric lymphadenitis, hepatitis, interstitial pneumonia, and/ or pulmonary edema.
Neupane
1
105
Southcentral Division
2021
7
CANINE
Sertoli cell tumor with vascular invasion and seminoma
5-year-old MN German Shepherd
The dog had a history of non-pruritic alopecia along the left pelvic limb and around the prepuce, pronounced mammary glands with hyperpigmentation around the nipples, a persistently decreased lipase, and suspected exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI). He was treated with Apoquel and cephalexin by the referring veterinarian with no improvement. The dog was cryptorchid as a puppy. When he was neutered, his cryptorchid testicle was unable to be retrieved. He reportedly had two abdominal surgeries to locate the cryptorchid testicle, but the owner was unsure if it was ever retrieved.
A 6.5x6x5 cm, firm, round, smooth testicle and epididymis with twisted spermatic cord and pampiniform plexus was submitted in formalin. The testicular parenchyma was completely expanded by an encapsulated, pale tan to red, soft, cystic mass. The pampiniform plexus was expanded (edema).
H&E
Testicular neoplasms are the second most common tumor in the canine, affecting mainly middle age to older dogs. The 3 most common testicular tumors are interstitial cell tumors (Leydig cell tumors) (58%), seminomas (23%), and Sertoli cell tumors (19%). They can be solitary or multiple, as in this case. These tumors are almost always benign. However, if metastasis does occur, nodules in the spermatic cord, scrotal lymph nodes, and abdominal organs may be evident. Cryptorchid testicles have a higher incidence of Sertoli cell tumors and seminomas. The right testicle seems to be predisposed to retention, which increases the risk of tumorigenesis. Castration remains the treatment of choice for these tumors and is often curative.
Zakers
1
106
Southcentral Division
2021
8
FELINE
Multifocal to coalescing, severe, chronic, lymphohistiocytic and neutrophilic pancarditis with cardiomyocyte degeneration, necrosis, and loss, and moderate interstitial and endocardial fibrosis
10-year-old, female spayed Domestic Shorthair cat
The cat acutely vocalized, vomited, and began dragging his hind legs. The owner reported that the cat was making a “gurgling” noise in the car. The cat presented for euthanasia laterally recumbent with a gallop rhythm on auscultation. The cat went into respiratory arrest and was euthanized.
The heart was diffusely and moderately enlarged. The left ventricular free wall myocardium was thickened, and the left ventricular lumen was narrowed. Three thrombi were identified within the lumen of the abdominal aorta. The cranial most thrombus measured 3x0.5x0.4 cm and was directly caudal to the diaphragm. The next was 4.5 cm caudal to the first thrombus, measured 5x3x3 mm, and extended 1 mm into the left renal artery. The most distal thrombus measured 7x4x3 mm and was 4 cm caudal to the second thrombus, adjacent to the iliac arteries.
H&E
The patient’s clinical history is consistent with the multiple emboli in the abdominal aorta, presumably secondary to blood flow turbulence. Clinical suspicion of underlying cardiac disease was confirmed with the identification of a myocarditis. Investigation for Bartonella sp. was confirmed via PCR on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue.
Barton
1
107
Southcentral Division
2021
9
CANINE
Severe, multifocal to coalescing, subacute, necrotizing and lymphohistiocytic meningomyelitis with lymphoplasmacytic perivascular cuffing, edema, and intraneuronal and intrahistiocytic amastigotes
5-year-old neutered male Pit Bull Terrier
The dog presented to the referring veterinarian for acute hindlimb paraplegia bilaterally and urinary and fecal incontinence. He demonstrated pain on palpation of the thoracolumbar spine.
Multifocally throughout the cervical and lumbar spinal cord were small areas of dark red material (hemorrhage) that dissected along white matter tracts.
H&E
Trypanosomiasis, a disease caused by numerous species of the protozoal parasite Trypanosoma, affects a wide range of mammals and can manifest in different clinical forms due to its high genetic diversity. The parasite is endemic in several Latin and South American countries, as well as Asia, Africa, the Canary Islands, and parts of the southern United States. Trypanosoma cruzi is the etiologic agent associated with Chagas disease or American trypanosomiasis, which affects an estimated 7-8 million people annually across 21 countries. The natural life cycle of the protozoan requires an arthropod vector in the family Reduviidae (Rhodnius spp., Panstrongylus spp., and Triatoma spp.), also known as kissing bugs. While feeding on a mammalian host, kissing bugs transmit infectious metacyclic trypomastigotes via defecation in or around cutaneous wounds or mucous membranes, allowing access to the host bloodstream. Once in systemic circulation, trypomastigotes can infect various host cells and form amastigotes in tissues or infect other arthropods that feed on host blood. Other routes of infection include iatrogenic transmission via contaminated needles or consumption of infected meat. Reported mammalian hosts include humans and a wide range of domestic and wildlife species including dogs, coyotes, cats, raccoons, opossums, armadillos, wood rats, skunks, capybaras, coatis, small marsupials, horses, buffaloes, camelids, cattle, and other livestock. Due to the close interaction between peridomestic dogs and humans, infected canids may serve as sentinels for surveillance of human infections since dogs are considered an important reservoir host.
Broughton
1
108
Southcentral Division
2021
20
AVIAN
B cell lymphoma, proventriculus, ventriculus, small intestines, coelom, serosal surfaces
Adult (unknown age) sun conure
Patient presented for difficulty breathing, anorexia, and dyschezia. Physical exam revealed a distended coelom, thin body condition, pectoral muscle atrophy, muffled heart sounds on auscultation, and dyspnea. Whole body radiographs revealed right, cranial displacement of the ventriculus, decreased serosal detail, gas within the intestines, and decreased air sac space to the paired abdominal and caudal thoracic air sacs.
The intestines were pale, thickened, severely distended, and surrounded by caseous material. Abdominal organs were adhered.
H&E
Lymphoma is the most common round cell neoplasm of psittacines, and is likely the most common neoplasm in this group of animals (Nemeth et al., 2016). A recent review of lymphoma in psittacines found that B cell lymphoma is the most common immunophenotype. B cell lymphomas were statistically more common in the gastrointestinal tract, similar to the case presented here (Gibson et al., 2021). This is likely due to the putative tissue of origin, gut-associated lymphoid tissue. Grading schemes for lymphoma are not available in psittacines, and mitotic counts or other factors have yet to be correlated with prognosis. Most cases present at necropsy, and it is likely that this diagnosis carries at least a poor prognosis. In this animal, lymphoma was associated with foreign body coelomitis, likely secondary to transmural infiltration of the intestines by neoplastic cells, resulting in intestinal rupture.
Gray
1
164
AAZV
2021
10
AVIAN
Severe, multifocal to coalescing, acute, fibrinonecrotizing, hemorrhagic, and heterophilic enteritis with crypt loss and vasculitis
Juvenile female Western crow
This bird was found dead with 3 others during the course of a large mortality event in wild corvids (crows and ravens) in the first few weeks of August, 2020.
The intestinal loops are segmentally moderately dilated, and the serosal and mucosal surfaces are mottled dark green to red.
H&E
A large number of crows and a few ravens (almost 90) were submitted from the grounds of the San Diego Zoo Safari Park over a one month period through August of 2020, most of which were fledged juveniles found dead or moribund. Consistent lesions included severe necrohemorrhagic enterotyphlocolitis, fibrinonecrotizing splenitis, and poor body condition. Additional, less consistent lesions included depletion of lymphocytes in the bursa of Fabricius, myeloid hyperplasia in the bone marrow, and acute renal tubular degeneration and necrosis (possibly dehydration/shock-related). The findings are consistent with those attributed to avian orthoreovirus, which has been reported in American corvids as early as 2001 and was more recently described in a retrospective review of crow mortalities in New York. Classically, outbreaks of the virus in crows have occurred during winter months, lending it the name “winter mortality of crows.” This particular event was unusual in that it occurred in late summer, however it appeared to be associated with large numbers of gathered crows (roosting areas) based on subjective observation, which is a known prerequisite for epizootics. Secondary bacterial infections (especially bacterial enteritis) and sepsis were common sequelae in many crows, and some cases had coinfections with hemoparasites, Aspergillus sp., and avian poxvirus.
WONG
1
165
AAZV
2021
11
CHEETAH
Severe diffuse subacute necrotizing enteritis with crypt necrosis and marked lymphoid depletion and necrosis (parvovirus)
2 month 25 day old, male, cheetah
This cub began separating itself from its dam and siblings. It was lethargic, inactive, and severely hypothermic (< 87°F) with bloody, liquid diarrhea. After 7 hours of supportive care (heating, subcutaneous fluids, IVC LRS with KCL and dextrose, IV Ceftiofur, and metronidazole), the temperature increased to 101.4°F. However, the cub’s condition rapidly declined and it died spontaneously less than 12 hours following onset of clinical signs.
The gastric fundic mucosa had multifocal dark red-black areas (ulcerations) and the pyloric mucosa was hemorrhagic. The duodenum and jejunum were thickened with dark red-black areas on the serosa and mucosa. The cecum contains pasty green-black material, and the colonic mucosa had paintbrush hemorrhages.
H&E
Parvoviruses are single-stranded, non-enveloped, DNA viruses which are ubiquitous, highly contagious, and naturally infect a wide range of animal species. Those within Parvovirinae cause disease in vertebrates including canids, felids, rodents, birds, fish, and humans with proven potential for cross-species transmission. Feline panleukopenia virus (FPLV) is one of the most common diseases of domestic cats and is known to infect domestic and wild felids, raccoons, mink, and foxes. Canine parvovirus emerged as a variant of FPLV in the 1970s leading to a highly deadly pandemic of canids worldwide, and eventually underwent genetic changes that allowed this new variant to re-infect feline hosts. Thus, felids are susceptible to both FPLV and CPV, although disease with CPV tends to be milder than with FPLV. In immunologically unprotected animals disease is rapid and death can occur within 24 hours of onset despite aggressive treatment.
The skunk was observed alive and dragging itself through the front yard of a private home owner in Prince Edward Island (Canada) on September 16th, 2020. It was found dead shortly after the initial observation and was frozen and submitted to the Canadian Wildlife Health cooperative on October 6th, 2020 for necropsy.
The right lung lobes are dark red, firm, and wet. There is a focus of blood and mucus adhered to the mucosa in the pyloric region of the stomach. The stomach contains numerous nematodes (Physaloptera sp.).
H&E
Skunk Adenovirus-1 (SkAd-1) is an emerging disease in North American wildlife and was first identified in a free-ranging striped skunk (Mephitidae) in Ontario in 2015. SkAd-1 has been subsequently identified in free-ranging wild porcupines (Erethizon dorsatum), gray foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), a captive pygmy marmoset (Callithrix pygmaea) and African pygmy hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris). Most adenoviruses are considered to be species-specific; whereas SkAd-1 infects a diversity of families, including Mephitidae, Hystricidae, Canidae, Cebidae and Erinaceidae. The reason for this host promiscuity is currently unknown and may relate to genetic variability between host viral genomes. The prevalence of SkAd-1 and the method of transmission among free ranging wildlife are unknown at this time. In some wildlife rehabilitation centers, positive SkAd-1 cases have been shown to survive the disease following treatment and were later released back into the wild.
CLARK
1
167
AAZV
2021
13
SKUNK
Segmental to circumferential necrotizing, lymphocytic, plasmacytic arteritis, renal artery; Multifocal, mild to moderate lymphocytic, plasmacytic interstitial nephritis and pyelitis; membranous glomerulopathy
Adult female skunk
Brought to a Northern California rehabilitation facility. After 4 days of care, she was euthanized for “progressive neurologic disease” including ataxia and impacted anal glands.
The anal glands were turgid.
H&E
There were three distinct lesions in this kidney, but all are attributed to a skunk-specific amdoparvovirus SKAV infection. We have performed in situ hybridization (ISH) on a series of skunk cases, including the case presented here (unpublished results, Pesavento laboratory). SKAV causes multi-systemic disease that only partially overlaps (sp. kidney) that of the archetype Aleutian Mink Disease virus (AMDV) in host mink, where the most common reason for renal failure is persistent infection leading to a hypergammopathy and immune complex deposition within glomeruli. Aleutian disease can include interstitial nephritis but is only very rarely associated with arteritis, whereas in skunks, in addition to consistent findings like renal interstitial inflammation, SKAV can be associated with arteritis (in any tissue), pneumonia, meningitis, dermatitis, glossitis, enteritis, and hepatitis. In this skunk, ISH of SKAV demonstrated viral nucleic acid within the arterial wall in regions of necrosis, and although sparse in this specific case, SKAV is also present within the lymphocytic, plasmacytic interstitial nephritis in many infected skunks. The basement membrane thickening could be, in part, a reaction to hypoxia (from arterial and arteriolar induced infarction) or could also include, as has been demonstrated in minks with AMDV, an immune complex deposition that is sequelae to plasmacytosis and hypergammaglobulinemia. No biochemistry was available in this case but the hyaline casts within tubules and Bowman’s space suggest protein loss through the glomerulus. How and whether each of these lesions contributed to renal compromise is unknown. This skunk, like most from the rehabilitation facilities, was neurologic, and had a lymphocytic plasmacytic meningitis, with few cerebral vascular cuffs. The reason for euthanasia was progressive neurologic decline in an animal that is part of the endemic cycle for rabies in CA. This type of presentation biases the population we examine at necropsy, so the actual impact of SKAV infection across the US on morbidity and mortality in free-ranging skunks is speculative.
PESAVENTO
1
168
AAZV
2021
14
RED PANDA
Severe, chronic, multifocal to coalescing lymphohistiocytic and necrotizing myocarditis
7-year-old female red panda
Had been clinically healthy and acting normally the previous day, but was found dead in the morning.
Necropsy revealed scattered 2- to 3-mm-diameter nodular white foci in the myocardium.
H&E
We attribute this case of myocarditis to infection with a novel, species-specific Amdoparvovirus recently described in red pandas. No other infectious agents were seen on routine (H&E) or special stains, and in situ hybridization (ISH) with Red Panda Amdoparvovirus (RPAV)-specific probes demonstrated abundant viral nucleic acid in areas of inflammation. Although specific cell targets are difficult to identify without double-labeling studies, in these lesions virus appears to localize in endothelial cells, histiocytes, and possibly cardiomyocytes. The latter would be particularly surprising given that parvoviruses require active cell division for replication of their genomes, but cardiomyocytes in mature animals are generally considered ‘post-mitotic.’
ALEX
1
169
AAZV
2021
15
RABBIT
Moderate to severe, acute, multifocal, necrotizing hepatitis
Five Lionhead rabbits ranging in age from 9 months to 3 years old were received from a rabbit rescue.
The submitted rabbits exhibited variation in clinical signs, ranging from no clinical signs to lethargy and difficulty breathing.
Grossly, all five rabbits had appropriate subcutaneous and visceral adipose stores. Only one of the five had blood on the pelage. Four of the five rabbits had reddening of the tracheal lining and two had serosanguineous thoracic effusion. All submitted rabbits had lungs that were mottled red to dark red. Three animals had livers that were multifocally pale tan and one with military red pinpoint foci throughout.
H&E
The gross and microscopic findings were suspicious for rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV). Additional testing was warranted and needed for definitive diagnosis. RHDV2 is a reportable Foreign Animal Disease (FAD) in Georgia and was confirmed by ELISA and RT-PCR tests, at NVSL/FADDL, as positive for RHDV. The cause of this condition is a calicivirus with two types- 1 and 2. Type 2 is currently spreading in the US and to the best of our knowledge had not previously been reported in Georgia.
MCHALE
1
170
AAZV
2021
16
ELEPHANT
Severe vascular and myocardial necrosis, degeneration, and hemorrhage with intranuclear endothelial inclusion bodies, heart
10-year-old male African Elephant
This 10-year-old male African elephant had been diagnosed and treated over the last week for elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV) infection. It had chronic anemia for several years. After several days of rapidly progressing debilitation, it went down in the elephant restraint device and died, despite antiviral treatment.
Heart: Severe diffuse transmural hemorrhage, Pulmonary artery, lung, gastrointestinal tract serosa and mucosa, conjunctiva, oral mucosa: Moderate multifocal hemorrhage, Intestine: Moderate intramural edema, Bone marrow, spleen: Red blood cell depletion
H&E
The histologic findings are consistent with elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV) infection. In this case, EEHV-2 was isolated. Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV) is a double stranded DNA, beta herpesvirus that causes an acute hemorrhagic syndrome (EEHV-HD) that mostly affects young Asian elephants. Studies of Asian and African elephants have shown that most Asian elephants carry strains EEHV1b, EEHV4 and EEHV5, while African elephants carry EEHV2, EEHV6 and EEHV7. Despite its widespread presence in African elephants, there have been only 13 confirmed cases of EEHV in African elephants with an approximately 50% mortality rate, and only EEHV2 has been associated with these cases (as in this case). EEHV is known to infect endothelial cells, causing edema, hemorrhage, and coagulopathies, with capillary endothelial cells being the most affected. The heart is also often severely affected. Nonclinical African elephants may have cutaneous papillomas along the trunk and lymphoid hyperplasia in the urogenital mucosa and lungs. Currently, it is not known why some EEHV-infected elephants develop EEHV-HD, while others do not. The cause of chronic anemia in this elephant was not determined, but there was a marked decrease in the bone marrow in the samples examined.
LEWIS
1
171
AAZV
2021
17
SEAL
Diffuse large B cell lymphoma, immunoblastic subtype, tracheobronchial lymph node
Male pup northern elephant seal
Upon presentation, he had linear ventral skin fold ulcers, a mild leukocytosis and moderate lymphocytosis, and elevated GGT and alkaline phosphatase. The ventral fold dermatitis progressed despite antibiotic treatment, and cytology revealed numerous mostly rod-shaped bacteria, granulocytes, and small to large lymphocytes. Acute phase protein measurements and protein gel electrophoresis were suggestive of a polyclonal gammopathy most consistent with an inflammatory process. The marked leukocytosis and lymphocytosis continued with sudden thrombocytopenia, increased BUN, and elevation in other liver biomarkers. Blood smears revealed several lymphocytes with “flower-like” nuclear morphology, as well as large lymphocytes with increased nucleus: cytoplasm ratios with fewer small to intermediate lymphocytes, segmented and band neutrophils, and erythroid precursors. While in care, the animal’s mentation and hydration had initially improved however ultimately declined in the last week of care. Euthanasia was elected based on the clinical condition as well as the cytologic, hematologic, and serum biochemical results.
All lymph nodes were markedly enlarged, firm, bulging and homogenous on cut surface. The tonsils, spleen and thymus were also markedly enlarged and firm. The jejunum, ileum, and most notably the colon had dark red, thickened, corrugated mucosa with distinct white firm nodules. There were also multiple linear ulcerations of the ventral abdominal skin folds with granulation tissue and minimal fibrinosuppurative exudate, as well as a thickened multinodular and congested urinary bladder mucosa.
H&E
Two NES male pups within the last year (one from the 2020 pup cohort and one from 2021) presented with similar clinical presentation as well as clinicopathologic features, with one featured in the present case. The necropsy, histopathologic and immunohistochemical findings were also similar for both cases with few variations. Based on the canine World Health Organization (WHO) classification system for canine lymphoma, both were diagnosed as a diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBL) which is the first report of this disease in northern elephant seals (NES) (Valli et al., 2011). Lymphoma has previously been reported in pinnipeds including harbor seals (HS, Phoca vitulina), a northern fur seal pup (NFS, Callorhinus ursinus), California sea lions (CSL, Zalophus californianus), and a harp seal (PG, Pagophilus groenlandicus) (Colegrove et al., 2010; Malberg et al., 2017; Stedham et al., 1977; Stroud & Stevens, 1980; Venn-Watson et al., 2012). Most of the cases were in adults, but a few were in pups or juveniles such as in these cases (Stedham et al., 1977; Stroud & Stevens, 1980). In contrast with the present cases, lymphoma in many CSLs and one HS was restricted to the intestines, and those intestinal cases were primarily comprised of intermediate neoplastic lymphocytes of T cell origin and had more prominent epitheliotropism with lesser involvement of the lamina propria or submucosa when compared to the intestinal involvement in these NES pups (Colegrove et al., 2010; Malberg et al., 2017). Cases of multicentric lymphoma when characterized by IHC were B cell in origin similar to this case (Stedham et al., 1977; Stroud & Stevens, 1980; Venn-Watson et al., 2012).
MARTINEZ
1
172
AAZV
2021
1
CLAM
Disseminated neoplasia of presumed hematogenous origin, gills, labial palps, connective tissues of the digestive tract, kidney, and multiple sinuses and vessels of the visceral mass and foot
An approximately 1.5-year-old, female, hard clam
These animals were relatively unremarkable and were not exhibiting any abnormal behaviors to suggest disease.
The shell length was 6 cm and the shell height was approximately 5 cm. Subjectively, the animal appeared to be a reproductively active female and there appeared to be mild mantle recession.
H&E
A neoplasia of presumed hematogenous origin (i.e. hemocytic or hemic neoplasia), a leukemia-like disease, was identified in this population of hard clams. In this animal, the neoplasia was considered disseminated and found in the connective tissues, vessels, and multiple sinuses, with significant progression of the disease and destruction of gill architecture. This condition is one of the most commonly described neoplastic processes of invertebrates and it has been described in numerous bivalve species.1 In soft shell clams (Mya arenaia) it is widely accepted that the disseminated neoplasia is caused by direct transmission of neoplastic cells that are transferred from infected to naïve individuals through the water column.2 This contagious hemocytic neoplasia has been of significant concern in the northeast United States and Dr. Roxanna Smolowitz (Aquatic Diagnostic Laboratory, Roger Williams University) has been conducting routine yearly monitoring and has witnessed increasing mortality in those cultured populations. This year in Cedar Key, FL, two additional individuals with early progression of the disease have been identified during our monitoring (n=3, from a population of 160 animals examined thus far). At this time, it is unclear if these animals represent de novo development of the disease or potential transmission from interstate transport of clams from the northeast United States. To date, no significant problems subsequent to infectious disease have been identified in culture clams from Florida waters; however, the clam culture industry in Florida is currently dependent on this single species, and continued investigation and surveillance is warranted.
MILLER
1
173
AAZV
2021
2
INSECT
Necrosis and loss, transabdominal, segmental, with myriad intracoelomic fungal hyphae and conidia
Adult, male, periodical cicada
This 17-year periodical cicada from Brood X (aka “Brood 10”) emerged in Maryland in late May 2021. During this emergence, up to 1.5 million cicadas per acre emerged from the ground as nymphs, climbed trees (or other vertical structures) with large, clawed forelimbs, and metamorphosed into adults. Adult cicadas, which are the world’s loudest insects, proceeded to fly erratically in unfathomable numbers with deafening lawnmower-like noises (produced from abdominal drums known as tymbals) to attract females for mating. This animal was found moribund in the author’s (EC) front yard and was euthanized with formalin.
Posterior segments of the animal were absent and displaced by large, soft, white, powdery material that extended into the posterior aspect of the coelom.
H&E
Periodical cicadas (Magicicada spp.) are insects from order Hemiptera, which are true bugs. They have one of the most spectacular life histories of any animal, having either 13-year or 17-year life cycles, the latter of which is the longest of any insect. They spend 13 or 17 years underground as nymphs, and then emerge in incredible numbers, metamorphosing into adults that mate and oviposit in trees over a 2- to 4-week period, during which time they make deafening sounds using their drum-like abdominal membranes called tymbals. Periodical cicadas form mixed species cohorts called broods that cluster geographically and temporally. Brood X (also known as “Brood 10” or “the Great Eastern Brood”) is a brood of 17-year periodical cicadas that emerges throughout the eastern United States and includes three species: Magicicada septendecim, Magicicada cassinii, and Magicicada septendecula. Brood X is the largest brood of 17-year cicadas and emerges at a density of up to 1.5 million animals per acre. Magicicada septendecim is the largest species of periodical cicada and is native to the Eastern United States. Massospora spp. are fungi in the subphylum Entomophthoromycotina, which includes nearly 300 pathogenic species of fungi that are important pathogens to arthropods. Most fungi in this subphylum, including Massospora spp., are highly host-specific (Duke et al. and Hajek et al.). Massospora cicadina infects periodical cicadas during their emergence and modifies the sexual behavior of the adults in order to maximize fungal spore dissemination (Macias et al. and Boyce et al.). Massospora fungi are the only pathogen known to affect adult periodical cicadas (Cooley et al.). The objective of this work is to present histologic lesions of a Massospora sp. infection in Magicicada septendecim. The aim is to provide reference material for veterinary pathologists examining insects using bright field microscopy.
CORBIN
1
174
AAZV
2021
3
FROG
Perkinsiosis, disseminated
Free-ranging leopard frog tadpole
The submitted specimen was part of a research investigation of Perkinsus-like organisms in amphibians of central Florida. Tadpole was found alive, euthanized, and the carcass was submitted formalin fixed.
The liver was swollen and tan-yellow.
H&E
In recent decades, there has been a significant decline in amphibian populations. Reasons for the accelerated drop in amphibian populations are multifactorial, and infectious disease has been shown to play a key role. Several pathogens, including Batrachochytrium sp. and Ranavirus, are well-documented as causative agents that contribute to the decline in amphibian populations worldwide. As research continues to better characterize these population-reducing morbidity and mortality events, novel infectious organisms are discovered. Perkinsea (also referred to as dermomycoides, dermosporidiosis, Perkinsus-like organism, and alveolate pathogen), is one such novel organism that is responsible for increased morbidity and mortality in tadpoles of ranid frogs and other amphibian species. Perkinsiosis is an emerging disease that has been implicated as the third-most common infectious cause of morbidity and mortality among anuran amphibian species. Perkinsea are currently classified as alveolate protozoa, though the classification of this organism has been disputed. The life cycle of the organism and the pathogenesis of the disease are not well understood at this time. Age, species, and environmental and seasonal factors are thought to play a role in pathogenesis and severity of disease. Clinical signs in affected ranids are nonspecific and range from lethargy, abdominal distension, and ventral hemorrhage to sudden death. Gross lesions may be absent, but when present include cutaneous erythema, cutaneous and visceral petechiation, ventral edema, ascites, and organomegaly. The liver, spleen, kidney, and pancreas are the most commonly enlarged organs and are often discolored. Histologically, numerous tissues may be infiltrated and effaced by high numbers of Perkinsea organisms. Organisms are both intra and extracellular and have two morphologies. The first population is 4-6um in diameter, round, and well-demarcated with a thin, deeply basophilic capsule and an amphophilic to palely basophilic center. The second population is 2-3um in diameter, round, and well-demarcated with a less prominent capsule and an amphophilic to eosinophilic center. Correlating with gross findings, the liver, spleen, and kidney tend to be most severely affected with replacement of at least 60% of the parenchyma by Perkinsea organisms. Other tissues affected to a lesser extent include the pancreas, gill, heart, gastrointestinal tract, eyes, central nervous tissues, skeletal muscle, and connective tissues with replacement of at least 25% of the parenchyma by Perkinsea organisms. Mild tissue degeneration and necrosis is occasionally seen in affected tissues, but inflammation is often not a prominent feature of these lesions. Histochemical stains such as Gomori’s methenamine silver stain (GMS) and Periodic-acid Schiff (PAS) can be used to highlight the Perkinsea capsule. Histochemical stains such as Giemsa can be used to highlight the center of Perkinsea organisms. Quantitative PCR assays developed for use on a wide range of anuran tissues are available as an ancillary diagnostic tool as well.
MAISEL
1
175
AAZV
2021
4
SNAKE
Epidermitis, necroulcerative and granulocytic, chronic, multifocal to coalescing, moderate, with intralesional hyphae and arthroconidia, moderate epidermal hyperplasia, subepidermal clefting, and intracellular edema
Adult, male, tentacled snake
This animal was the last specimen in the group and was found dead. The snake had been shedding continuously, was reported to be covered in white spots, and had recently lost a tentacle. This was one of 53 tentacled snakes with a similar history that died in two of the zoo’s collections between 1973 and 2021.
The skin contains innumerable individual white scales and scattered clusters of white scales, accounting for less than 10% of the body as a whole, and most abundant just caudal to the head. The affected scales are often slightly raised or thickened and rough. The skin of the head is diffusely gray and easily sloughs.
H&E
Necroulcerative and granulocytic fungal epidermitis with intralesional hyphae and arthroconidia morphologically consistent with Paranannizziopsis spp. was identified in this adult tentacled snake. PCR performed on a fungal isolate from skin and targeting the ITS2 region confirmed infection by Paranannizziopsis crustacea. This animal was one of 124 tentacled snakes submitted for necropsy over 48 years. Fifty-three snakes in this group were diagnosed with fungal dermatitis, with intralesional fungal elements morphologically consistent with Paranannizziopsis spp. Both Paranannizziopsis crustacea and Paranannizziopsis australasiensis were identified in multiple cases between the two collections.
MACK
1
176
AAZV
2021
5
SNAKE
Severe, regionally extensive, necrotizing hepatitis with multiple granulomas and intralesional fungal hyphae
Adult female massasauga
This wild massasauga was from a population in Clinton County, Illinois with a long-term history of ophidiomycosis. In December 2020, this snake was observed above ground and basking instead of brumating underground. It was captured and transported for evaluation on December 29. On presentation, this individual had significant skin lesions consisting of crusting and necrotic scales, especially involving the cloaca. Some thickened caudal coelomic contents were appreciated on palpation.
The liver was dark red with sharp margins and contained a focal, pale tan, firm nodule within the parenchyma.
H&E
Ophidiomycosis or snake fungal disease (SFD) is an infectious disease of wild and captive snakes caused by the ascomycete Ophidiomyces ophidiicola. First reported in eastern massasaugas (S. catenatus) in 2008 it has since been documented in over 30 free-ranging and captive species of snakes in the United states and Europe, including many threatened or endangered species. Infections have been reported in wild and captive snakes throughout the eastern and midwestern United States and Canada, as well as in captive snakes in Great Britain, Europe, and Australia. Recently, there have been reports of the pathogen in snakes in Idaho, Oklahoma and Puerto Rico, as well as the first documented cases in Asia earlier this year. Ophidiomycosis was confirmed in a wild red-banded snake (Dinodon rufozonatum) and wild Chinese cobra (Naja atra) in Taiwan, as well as two captive colubrids in Japan. Given that cases are being recognized globally and its implication in population declines of timber rattlesnakes (Crotalus horridus) in New England and eastern massasaugas, ophidiomycosis is considered a disease with the potential to negatively impact conservation of free-ranging snakes as well as those in managed care. Disease presentation and severity can vary significantly between species and individuals, but most commonly presents as a fungal dermatitis. Clinical signs and lesions range from accelerated ecdysis cycles, to mild superficial dermatitis with hyperkeratosis, crusts and scale loss to chronic multinodular dermal and subcutaneous inflammation that in severe cases may cause disfigurement of the face and/or oral tissues. Mild cases with superficial dermatitis may naturally resolve with successive rounds of ecdysis; however, severe infections can be fatal.
HUFFMAN
1
177
AAZV
2021
6
TORTOISE
Rhinitis, exudative and hyperplastic, granulocytic and lymphocytic, severe, with associated spiral-shaped bacteria (Helicobacter sp.)
Adult, female, free-ranging gopher tortoise
The animal was submitted lethargic and depressed, unable to open its eyes, and in thin body condition with bilateral nasal discharge.
The gopher tortoise was in extremely thin body condition with muscle and fat atrophy. Both eyes were sunken and there was concave deformation of the nares bilaterally with a small amount of mucoid discharge.
H&E
Bacteria of the genus Helicobacter are found in diverse host species, including reptiles, but the clinical implications of Helicobacter infections in tortoises are not well understood. This case is one of a group of cases in which a novel mortality-associated Helicobacter species was identified in free-ranging and rehabilitating gopher tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus) in Florida, United States. Histologic changes associated with the gopher tortoise Helicobacter species were predominantly present in the nasal cavity. Spiral-shaped organisms were plentiful in this individual (as highlighted by Warthin-Starry staining). However, this tortoise did not receive antemortem antimicrobials. In tortoises with a history of antimicrobial therapy, while similar nasal inflammation was noted histologically on postmortem examination, spiral shaped bacteria were rare to absent. In tortoises with suspicious clinical signs for nasal helicobacteriosis and a history of antimicrobial therapy, PCR and/or cytologic evaluation of nasal discharge may be critical for a definitive diagnosis. While no Mycoplasma/Mycoplasmopsis was detected in this individual, mycoplasmosis should always be considered as a differential in tortoises with upper respiratory tract disease. Evaluation of the nasal mucosa is an essential component of a tortoise necropsy, and samples should always be evaluated histologically.
OSSIBOFF
1
178
AAZV
2021
7
TURTLE
Moderate heterophilic nephritis with intratubular myxozoan spores and multifocal tubular necrosis and mild chronic granulomatous tubulointerstitial nephritis with intralesional trematode eggs
Adult male common snapping turtle
Presented with major trauma to the face and lower mandible after being hit by a motor vehicle. The turtle was anesthetized for reconstructive jaw surgery with a combination of alfaxalone and isoflurane for approximately 2 hours, however; during the recovery period the turtle went into irreversible cardiac arrest and died.
H&E
Myxozoans are microscopic metazoan endoparasites previously classified as protozoa and recently reclassified as members of the Phylum Cnidaria. Little is known about the life cycle and physiology of this group of organisms. Myxozoans are characterized by 1-13 polar capsules that contain polar filaments, a nucleated sporoplasm, 2-13 shell valves with or without caudal processes, and occasionally a vacuole. In many cases, infection with myxozoans is considered incidental and not associated with disease, however some myxozoans are highly pathogenic and can cause tissue destruction and morbidity and mortality particularly in fish. Myxozoans use a polar filament, ejected upon contact with host mucin, to attach to the host. The polar filament contracts to bring the myxozoan spore and the host into close proximity where spores inject cytotoxic contents into the host cell.
Womble
1
179
AAZV
2021
8
AVIAN
Trichomonal ingluvitis and esophagitis, hyperplastic and necrotizing, generalized, marked, chronic
Common redpoll (Acanthis flammea), adult, female
On April 8th 2021, this common redpoll was found alive on a deck in Prince Edward Island (Canada) and was unable to fly. It appeared puffed up, and seemed to be breathing heavily. It was submitted to the Atlantic Veterinary College wildlife service for treatment where fluids were administered and it was held overnight. The redpoll was found dead on the following morning in its cage.
There is generalized marked bilateral atrophy of the pectoral muscles and a complete absence of subcutaneous and internal body fat reserves. There is diffuse mild thickening of the walls of the esophagus and crop.
H&E
Trichomonosis, caused by Trichomonas gallinae, was first detected in free ranging finch species (family Fringillidae) in the United Kingdom in 2004, and in eastern Canada in 2007. Since that time, T. gallinae has been detected in numerous free ranging Fringillidae species around the world. T. gallinae is a protozoal organism that is a part of the normal flora of the upper gastrointestinal tract of Columbiformes, particularly rock doves, where it results in the disease commonly known as “canker”. Cankers are large, caseous plaques within the wall of the upper gastrointestinal tract that are the result of hyperplasia and necrosis of the mucosa in response to infiltrating T. gallinae. Inflammation and necrosis of cankers is frequently compounded by secondary bacterial infections and infiltration of trichomonads into deep tissues and other organ systems including the liver and brain. Trichomonosis in raptors is known as “frounce” and is directly related to birds of prey feeding upon infected Columbiformes, particularly those in peri-urban or urban environments.
BOURQUE
1
180
AAZV
2021
9
AVIAN
Severe, multifocal to coalescing, necrotizing hepatitis with intracytoplasmic hepatocellular, intraendothelial and intrahistiocytic hemoprotozoal schizonts and megaloschizonts
Adult, female greater sage grouse
This individual is part of geographically and genetically isolated population from Baker County, Oregon (northeast Oregon). Via radio collar, she was last heard alive during a telemetry flight the day before her mortality signal. The body was found next to a sagebrush 2 days after her mortality signal was heard.
The nasal sinuses were diffusely dark red and very mildly to mildly thickened. The proventriculus and ventriculus were filled with bits of sagebrush leaves. The intestines were partially filled with viscous dark brown-dark green digesta.
H&E
The PCR and genetic sequencing results suggest that these organisms belong to novel lineages. While further sequence analysis is pending, this species of Plasmodium and Leucocytozoon do not appear to be similar to reported species of Plasmodium and Leucocytozoon in the greater sage grouse, which include Plasmodium pediocetae and Leucocytozoon lovati. These previously reported haemosporidian species were also not previously found to be associated with overt signs of clinical disease in the birds in those studies. The high similarity in the sequence between the Leucocytozoon species in this case, and other species of grouse/related Galliformes suggest that the greater sage grouse may be the natural host for it. The sequence of Plasmodium species in this case was more similar to birds from other orders. This raises the possibility that the greater sage grouse is not the natural host for it and thus immunologically naïve and susceptible to clinical infection. Alternatively, given that haemosporidians in this population of greater sage grouse has not been as extensively studied/looked into, this could be a previously undetected species for which the grouse is the natural host for. In other avian species, increase in cases of infection and clinical disease due to Plasmodium and Leucocytozoon species has been postulated to be associated with increased exposure in vectors (dipteran insects) associated with increase in temperatures and humidity, and landscape change in native habitats, stress, and concurrent infection with other diseases. Increasing temperatures in Oregon have resulted in increasing numbers of insect vectors as well as the numbers increasing earlier in the year. It is thus possible that this increased exposure to vectors has played a role here. Plasmodium species and West Nile virus also share a similar insect vector (Diptera: Culicidae), and the latter is a reported cause of morbidity and mortality in free-ranging greater sage grouse populations. Concurrent infections could thus increase the likelihood of clinical disease due to haemosporidian infections in this species. Additional studies looking into these various factors as well as the role of pathogens in this near- threatened species would be useful in determining this.
CHONG
1
181
Southcentral Division
2021
10
AVIAN
Multisystemic lymphoplasmacytic ganglioneuritis with severe pancarditis
10-month-old Rose-breasted Cockatoo
The bird presented for seizure-like activity and a 4/5 heart murmur. A CT scan revealed poor bone density, increased fat stores, and an enlarged liver indicating potential nutritional deficiencies, increased caloric intake, and a lack of exercise.
Throughout the myocardium of the right, and less severely the left, ventricles were several multifocal to coalescing, pinpoint to 5 mm diameter, firm, white, slightly raised foci. The crop was moderately dilated and contained a large amount of thick, white to tan feed material. The proventriculus was mildly dilated and flaccid.
H&E
PCR and immunohistochemistry of the heart were both positive for avian bornavirus (ABV), the known etiologic agent for proventricular dilatation disease (PDD). In addition to the lesions described above, other findings included lymphoplasmacytic ganglioneuritis in the jejunum and colon, lymphoplasmacytic perivascular encephalitis and choroid plexitis in the cerebrum, and lymphoplasmacytic inflammation in the thymus and pancreas.
CLONTZ
1
182
NEVPC
2021
3
CANINE
Adenocarcinoma with carcinomatosis (abdomen) and widespread metastasis (liver, multiple lymph nodes, diaphragm, pericardium); gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)
13-year-old male neutered Border collie
The patient presented for dry heaving/vomiting, lethargy, decreased appetite. Serosanguinous pleural effusion, hemorrhagic on cytology is present. Abdominal ultrasound showed suspect intestinal mass and carcinomatosis. Owner elected to proceed with euthanasia.
At gross examination a severe acute hemorrhagic pleural and abdominal effusions and carcinomatosis are present.
H&E
Given the histomorphologic features of the neoplasm in the pancreas and the similarity to the multifocal metastases, this most likely represents a primary pancreatic adenocarcinoma with carcinomatosis. The neoplasm in cecum is morphologically distinct and is multifocally infiltrated by invading islands of the carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry confirmed it as a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST).
Finesso
1
195
AAVLD
2021
1
RABBIT
Tularemia - necrotizing hepatitis and splenitis
H&E
1
196
AAVLD
2021
2
TORTOISE
Intranuclear coccidiosis
H&E
Lee
1
197
AAVLD
2021
3
CANINE
Pseudorabies
H&E
THOMAS
1
198
AAVLD
2021
4
EQUINE
Intestinal mycobacteriosis
H&E
Lima
1
199
AAVLD
2021
5
EQUINE
Halicephalobus nephritis
H&E
PILLAI
1
200
AAVLD
2021
6
CANINE
Metastatic Digital Chondrogenic Melanocytic Tumor
H&E
TEODORO
1
201
AAVLD
2021
7
BOVINE
Otitis
H&E
Kleinhenz
1
202
AAVLD
2021
8
MINK
SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia
H&E
CLAYTON
1
203
AAVLD
2021
9
FELINE
Pyogranulomatous intestinal leiomyositis and suspect vasculitis (Bartonella henselae)
Pyogranulomatous rhinitis and cellulitis (Actinobacillus lignieresii)
H&E
Gonzalez-Viera
1
208
AAVLD
2021
14
RABBIT
Caliciviral hepatitis (RHDV2)
H&E
Streitenberger
1
246
NEVPC
2022
26
ALPACA
Cervical spinal cord 1-2: Mild, multifocal Wallerian degeneration with multifocal, random meningeal mineralizing granulomas and intralesional degenerate nematodes
16-year-old, 46 kg, male Huacaya alpaca
The alpaca was housed with another alpaca and lived in close proximity with wild boars. He had previous “suspect episodes of meningeal worm”, which were never confirmed, but were treated with monthly ivermectin for the last three years. A week before presenting to necropsy, the animal started to present with a base wide stance and posterior paresis. Despite treatment with fenbendazole and oxytetracycline, the clinical signs progressed to recumbency and hence the animal was euthanized.
Unfortunately, the degenerate nature of the nematodes in this case did not allow confident assessment of the morphology. Based on the host (alpaca), limited morphology of degenerate nematodes, and knowledge of aberrant migration, the list of differential etiologic diagnoses included Lamanema chavezi (Trichostrongyloidea), Parelaphostrongylus tenuis (Metastrongyloidea), Onchocerca sp. (Spiruruida), Strongylus vulgaris (Strongyloidea), Stephanurus dentatus (Strongyloidea), Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Metastrongyloidea), Elaphostrongylus cervi / rangiferi (Metastrongyloidea), Baylisascaris procyonis (Ascaridida), and Ascaris suum (Ascaridida). The presence of cuticular structures resembling longitudinal ridges (synlophes) was suggestive of this nematode belonging to the Trichostrongyloidea group, hence L. chavezi was prioritized. However, other nematodes, including P. tenuis could not be ruled out on morphology alone.
Ancillary testing was pursued, which included fecal floatation of feces collected during the necropsy and from another alpaca in the same housing, and PCR. From the feces of the current case, a single, approximately 35 µm diameter nematode egg with a thin, clear shell was identified, consistent with a strongyle-type egg. No eggs were found in the feces of the housemate. A wide-range PCR targeting the ITS2 region of nematodes was conducted on DNA extracted from formalin-fixed, formical-treated, paraffin-embedded tissue, but this did not result in amplification.
Lamanema chavezi is a Trichostrongyloidea nematode that is found mostly in South American camelids (Cafrune et al. 2009). However, they have been reported in llamas and alpacas in New Zealand (McKenna et al. 2011), and in a llama born and raised in Oregon (Jarvinen et al. 2014), which may suggest a wider distribution than originally thought or a nematode spreading its distribution. L. chavezi infection is typically found in young, 2-3-year-old camelids, but clinical signs are generally rare. Lesions are associated with L3 and L4 enterohepatic larval migration, where the intestinal lesions are characterized by catarrhal and hemorrhagic enteritis with mucosal necrosis and the hepatic lesions by congestion, small foci of coagulative necrosis with mineralizing granulomas, and petechial hemorrhage (Jarvinen et al. 2014).
Interestingly, in one of the sections of brain, one of the mineralizing granulomas included a single transverse section of an approximately 130 µm diameter degenerate nematode with musculature resembling polymyarian-coelomyarian muscle and a smooth eosinophilic cuticle. As muscle is not a reliable identification feature, especially in degenerate nematode sections, the significance of this particular section is uncertain. However, it may indicate that the nematodes are all in fact a metastrongyle, possibly P. tenuis, or less likely, a dual infection of a trichostrongyle and metastrongyle. To further support the likelihood of this case representing a P. tenuis infection, a recent report describes a similar presentation of mineralizing granulomas in the neuroparenchyma of the spinal cord (von Stade et al. 2021).
Nakagun
1
247
NEVPC
2022
31
CANINE
Nasal cavities and brain: Nasal adenocarcinoma with cribriform invasion and multifocal meningeal metastases
The patient presented to the referring veterinarian for an onset of seizures in February 2021. Owner also reported reverse sneezing for years. The neurological and physical exam were both within normal limits. An MRI revealed an oval shaped mass in the right olfactory bulb/frontal lobe that was strongly contrast enhancing with significant perilesional edema. The cribriform plate was noted to be intact.
Options of medical management, radiation therapy and surgical debulking were discussed and the owner elected for surgical debulking (transfrontal craniotomy) and radiation therapy. Two separate surgeries were required to resect the majority of the tumor. Differentials of a meningioma vs. carcinoma were discussed and biopsy revealed a carcinoma.
The animal was treated with 20 fractions of Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMR) and continued to have several cluster seizures approximately every 7 weeks requiring extensive hospitalization.
A repeat MRI was done in July 2021, revealing an irregular contrast enhancing mass in the region of the cribriform plate along with multiple other new masses around the cerebral cortex.
The following week the animal was euthanized.
Nasal cavities and brain: Nasal adenocarcinoma with cribriform invasion and meningeal metastases
MARCINCZYK
1
248
NEVPC
2022
28
FELINE
1) Spinal cord (cervical region): Meningomyelitis, necrosuppurative, severe, focally extensive, subacute to chronic, with microabscesses, mononuclear perivascular cuffing, and intra-
2) Trigeminal motor nuclei: Wallerian degeneration, mild, multifocal
3) Trigeminal nerve roots: Neuritis, necrosuppurative, mild to moderate, bilateral, chronic, with mononuclear perivascular cuffing and Wallerian degeneration
11-year-old, male neutered, domestic shorthair cat
The cat presented to University of Georgia Veterinary Teaching Hospital neurology service for a 5-day history of a dropped jaw and inability to eat or drink. Bilateral trigeminal neuropathy was diagnosed on neurological examination. An atlantooccipital cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis revealed a normal total white blood cell count, but an increased neutrophil percentage was identified on cytology. No infectious organisms or morphologic abnormalities were identified. The cat was treated with clindamycin and prednisolone. After two days, the cat’s jaw tone improved, and the cat was subsequently discharged. One week after discharge, the cat represented with tetraparesis. Neurological examination revealed a C6-T2 myelopathy with central cord syndrome and left lateralization. The neurologic signs progressed to absent sensation in the right thoracic limb. The cat eventually developed Horner syndrome and then became apneic. Euthanasia was elected approximately 20 hours after presentation.
On postmortem examination, no significant gross alterations were observed within the central nervous system or other examined tissues.
In contrast to humans and ruminants, listeriosis in carnivores is very uncommon. Experimental infections suggest domestic cats are highly resistant to Listeria infection1. In this cat, the pattern of lesions and clinical course suggest bacterial invasion of the CNS occurred via the trigeminal nerve. Potentially, the cervical spinal cord became affected through the nerve roots of the brachial plexus or caudal spread from the pons to the spinal cord. The infection source was not identified in this cat; it was fed a standard commercial diet and was kept indoors. Immunosuppression can play a key role in clinical listeriosis development in humans and few previous case reports of cats, though this is not a known predisposition in ruminants2,3. In the cat described, no underlying immunosuppression was identified. Listeriosis should be a differential diagnosis for feline infectious CNS disorders. Complete neuropathologic examination is vital to determine the prevalence of this disease in our domestic species.
REYES
1
249
NEVPC
2022
29
FELINE
Spinal oligodendroglioma, high-grade
12-year-old - Male castrated - Domestic longhair
This cat was presented for a one-week history of tail paralysis and paraparesis, as well as a one-month history of reduced jumping and climbing upon presentation. Within the past two weeks, two episodes of urinary obstruction were additionally reported. General physical examination abnormalities were limited to an overweight body condition (7 out of 9 on the Purina body condition scoring system). Neurologic examination revealed ambulatory paraparesis with marked plantigrade stance, reduced hopping in the pelvic limbs with normal paw placement, reduced extensor postural thrust, and reduced muscle tone in the pelvic limbs. Segmental reflexes were intact. The tail was paralyzed and flaccid with absent pain sensation. Pain was elicited on caudal lumbar spinal palpation. The patient’s neurolocalization was L4-S3. Radiographs of the lumbar spine taken four days prior to presentation were reportedly within normal limits, but a pre-operative MRI revealed a spinal mass at the level of the L5-S1 segment. Though surgical debulking was attempted, euthanasia was ultimately elected intra-operatively as the process appeared more infiltrative than initially determined based on the MRI, combined with a presumptive cryosection diagnosis of spinal lymphoma.
The spinal mass manifested as a markedly infiltrative, diffuse and irregularly bulging spinal thickening, imparting a dark red-to-brown discoloration to the spine starting from the caudal aspect of the body of L4 to the cranial aspect of S1, most severely distorting the L5-S1 segment. Upon serial sectioning of the mass, marked, indiscriminate neoplastic infiltration of both the grey and white matter occurred in the affected segments. Based on these findings and coupled with the cryosections results, an initial diagnosis of spinal lymphoma was made.
This case represents a unique clinical presentation and progression of a feline spinal oligodendroglioma with the longest survival time (163 days) currently reported for feline spinal oligodendrogliomas. Oligodendrogliomas are rare in cats and occur mostly within the brain with only infrequent reports describing a spinal cord location. Spinal glial tumors (e.g., oligodendroglioma, astrocytoma, ependymoma) in general have a low prevalence in cats with a rate of 9.4% of all spinal tumors, of which lymphoma is the most common. Earlier reports on feline spinal cord tumors support a predilection for spinal gliomas to form within the cervical segments, and a previous retrospective study of feline gliomas with seven oligodendroglial tumors indicated only one tumor located within the lumbar spinal cord segments L5-L7.
Nelissen
1
250
NEVPC
2022
8
CLOUDED LEOPARD
Brain, suprasellar third ventricle mass: Meningioma.
14-year-old male clouded leopard
This clouded leopard presented for dull mentation and whole-body twitching seizure-like activity. Neurology consultation detected a subtle right head tilt and slow, wide circling to the left. Clinical signs progressed despite treatment with steroids and antibiotics. Two separate intra-cranial, extra-axial masses were detected on MRI. The patient was euthanized due to poor prognosis.
Brain, suprasellar third ventricle mass: Meningioma.
SCOTT
1
251
NEVPC
2022
24
FISH
1. Brainstem, spinal cord, spinal nerve roots, skeletal muscle (epaxial): Myriad multifocal microsporidian spores (consistent with Pseudoloma neurophilia)
2. Intestine: Intramucosal adult nematode with intraluminal ova (consistent with Pseudocapillaria tomentosa)
Adult male zebrafish
Five sump (sentinel) fish from an embryology research colony at the University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill were sacrificed and submitted for necropsy and histology for infectious disease monitoring.
No obvious gross abnormalities were noted.
In this case, the histopathologic findings are consistent with Pseudoloma neurophilia infection of the brain, spinal cord, and skeletal muscle and Pseudocapillaria tomentosa infection of the intestine in a zebrafish.
Nagel
1
252
NEVPC
2022
19
FISH
Juvenile Lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus)
This animal was maintained in a private aquarium. The aquarist noted a facial injury which was not healing. The animal was found dead.
REINHARDT
1
253
NEVPC
2022
25
CAPRINE
Adult Alpine intact doe goat of unknown age
ALUCARD
1
254
NEVPC
2022
23
CANINE
Brain: marked subacute to chronic granulomatous to pyogranulomatous meningoencephalitis with myriad intralesional fungal yeast consistent with Cryptococcus spp.
4-year-old spayed female Labrador retriever
A 4-year-old spayed female Labrador retriever initially presented for vision loss, characterized by running into walls and lack of awareness of surroundings. Fundic examination at that time revealed bilateral foci of retinal separation. The dog was started on doxycycline, amlodipine, and a short tapering dose of prednisone with no apparent improvement in vision. About two weeks after the onset of clinical signs, she started to appear painful and became very lethargic. She developed severe ataxia, which rapidly progressed (within a few days) to non-ambulatory tetraparesis with delayed to absent conscious proprioception in all four limbs (left > right). Other abnormalities on neurologic exam included dull mentation, absent menace response OU, positional rotary nystagmus OU (fast phase to the left), and miosis OU with intact pupillary light reflex OU. While hospitalized in the clinic, she became hypertensive and progressively bradycardic, presumably in response to increased intracranial pressure (Cushing reflex). Due to the dog’s rapid clinical decline, humane euthanasia was elected.
The gross lesions of multifocal pale tan-white nodules and gelatinous masses and corresponding histologic lesions of granulomatous to pyogranulomatous inflammation with myriad intralesional fungal yeast in multiple organs (brain, eyes, nasal cavity, lung, heart, kidneys, and skeletal muscle) are consistent with systemic mycosis. Given the characteristic histologic appearance of the yeast with narrow-based budding and a variably thick clear capsule that stains positively with mucicarmine, disseminated cryptococcosis was diagnosed. Fungal culture of the brain and kidney resulted in 3+ growth of Cryptococcus neoformans, confirming this histologic diagnosis. The robust inflammation associated with the fungal yeast and the occasional intermediate-based budding and chain arrangement of the fungal yeast in this case are not common with cryptococcosis and may be suggestive of a capsular variant.
Rasche
1
255
NEVPC
2022
30
CANINE
1. Cavernous hemangioma (angioma)
2. Severe, locally extensive, acute vascular necrosis with ischemic necrosis, hemorrhage, and neutrophilic and lymphoplasmacytic perivascular inflammation
8.5-year-old spayed female Pit Bull-type dog
The patient presented to a primary veterinary hospital in August 2020 for a history of grand mal seizures. The initial diagnostic work-up included magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The MRI showed a T1-weighted mass in the left prosencephalon, which was diagnosed as a glial tumor. Treatment with levetiracetam (Keppra) was initiated. The patient was referred to two different veterinary neurologists and at the second neurologist, the neurologic examination was within normal limits, and serologic fungal testing was negative. Additional diagnostics, including CSF tap and biopsy were declined and the patient was treated with prednisone, Keppra, and radiation therapy.
After a rapid clinical decline, the patient became obtunded in October 2020 and presented to a neurologist. The neurologic examination was remarkably abnormal, with vestibular ataxia, poor postural reactions, increased spinal reflexes, left head tilt, and positional rotary nystagmus with a fast phase to the right. The neuroanatomic localization suggested disease in the ascending reticular activating system (ARAS), left prosencephalon, and within the caudal fossa. An MRI was repeated. This imaging survey revealed a larger, fluid-filled mass with distinct cavitation. The left-sided neural parenchyma was expanded by fluid, causing shift and tentorial herniation. The owner elected euthanasia, and the brain was submitted for evaluation.
SMITH
1
256
NEVPC
2022
2
AVIAN
30 year old, female Timneh Grey Parrot
Tocco
1
259
NEVPC
2022
27
CANINE
Cerebrum: Severe, generalized, subacute-to-chronic periventricular white matter necrosis with hydrocephalus ex vacuo, vascular mineralization, glial precursor mineralization, and moderate microgliosis
7-day-old, male, Boer goat
The patient presented to the referring veterinarian with a history of spastic paraplegia that had been present since birth. The patient was treated with vitamin E/selenium, tulathromycin (macrolide antibiotic), and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Given the lack of response to treatment, the patient was euthanized.
Cerebrum: Severe, locally extensive, subacute-to-chronic, bilaterally symmetric periventricular leukomalacia with hydrocephalus ex vacuo
The gross and histological findings of periventricular white matter necrosis (leukomalacia) when viewed in conjunction with the clinical history of spastic hindlimb paraplegia since birth, are consistent with a condition known as periventricular leukomalacia (PVL).
Champion
1
261
NEVPC
2022
9
CANINE
Subcutis, superficial to left inguinal lymph node: Lymphoma, large cell, extranodal, cutaneous T-cell, German shepherd dog, canine.
6 year old female spayed German shepherd
This 6 year old female spayed German shepherd dog initially presented to the Kuwait Veterinary Detachment on 17 October 2021 for an intake physical exam on arrival where three masses were noted located caudal to the left shoulder, over the right flank, and caudal to the left elbow. On 21 October 2021, the patient re-presented to the Kuwait Veterinary Detachment for an acute, markedly swollen left pelvic limb and a firm, multilobulated, nodular swelling was noted in the inguinal region (area of the femoral pulse) during the exam. On 02-03 November 2021, the patient presented for an acute, edematous swelling around the right eye. The patient was returned to the USA on 06 November 2021 due to the ongoing medical issues.
On 10 November 2021, the patient arrived at Fort Jackson, SC and underwent an intake physical exam and all previously noted masses and swellings had resolved. However, a firm, dual lobulated mass was noted within the left inguinal region with mild thickening of the subcutaneous tissue cranial to the firm swelling. Excisional biopsy was performed.
None
While in humans panniculitis-like large T cell lymphoma appears to follow a less aggressive biological behavior, it has not been characterized in veterinary species. The most recent literature suggests a more aggressive biological behavior in canines with two of five dogs being euthanized within 16 and 17 days post-diagnosis due to disease progression and one dog (after receiving chemotherapy) being euthanized 7 months post diagnosis due to disease progression. This patient was euthanized 24 days after diagnosis due to progressive disease and widespread metastasis.
KUIPERS
1
263
NEVPC
2022
10
CANINE
Histopathologic findings:
Spinal cord: At the level of the T13-L1 segment, effacing the white matter and compressing the grey matter was a non-encapsulated, well-demarcated, expansile, mildly infiltrative, moderately cellular neoplasm composed of two distinct neoplastic cell populations. The first cellular population was an epithelial proliferation arranged in tubules, acini, and large cystic structures lined by either cuboidal, low columnar, or pseudostratified epithelium, with squamous metaplasia up to four-cells thick. Cystic spaces often contained mild amounts of eosinophilic to amphophilic cellular debris and sloughed epithelial cells. The second cellular population was a mesenchymal proliferation composed of spindle cells arranged in loose streams and occasional whorls. The spindle cells had indistinct cell borders, round to ovoid nuclei with a single nucleolus and finely stippled chromatin. Large areas of the adjacent neuroparenchyma were rarefied or had extensive necrosis and degeneration, with infiltration by numerous degenerative and intact neutrophils. Throughout the section were abundant dilated myelin sheaths that often contained either swollen eosinophilic axons (spheroids) or fragments of eosinophilic necrotic cellular debris (ellipsoids) and/or one or more Gitter cells (digestion chambers). The central canal was prominently ectatic in spinal cord sections caudal to the mass.
Histopathologic Diagnoses:
Spinal cord, T13-L1:
a. Ectopic (extrarenal) intradural nephroblastoma
b. Marked multifocal axonal degeneration with dilated myelin sheaths, spheroids, and ellipsoids
17 month old Cane corso dog
A 17-month-old, intact male, Cane Corso dog was referred to the Small Animal Emergency at the North Carolina State University for evaluation of a 10-day history of right hindlimb lameness with left hindlimb weakness. Neurologic examination was consistent with T3-L3 myelopathy, with thoracolumbar pain on palpation, conscious proprioception absent in the hindlimbs, withdrawal intact in all four limbs, and good anal tone; however, deep pain was subsequently deemed equivocal in the hindlimbs. Spinal radiographs showed no evidence of discospondylitis, disc disease, lytic changes, or vertebral fractures. Due to progressive clinical deterioration, humane euthanasia was elected.
Gross findings:
Spinal cord: At the level of T13-L1, there was a bulging, intradural, mottled white, dark red, and light brown, 1.5 x 0.9 x 0.9 cm mass that infiltrated the associated spinal cord on cut surface.
Gross diagnosis:
Spinal cord, T13-L1: intradural mass
Discussion:
The gross and histopathologic findings were most consistent with ectopic (extrarenal) nephroblastoma. While rarely reported in dogs, it is predominantly found in young animals, such as in this case. Ectopic nephroblastomas correspond to approximately 1% of all primary neoplasms in the central nervous system in dogs, particularly with lesions localizing to the caudal thoracic and lumbar spine (T9-L3).
Although the definitive pathogenesis is still unclear, it is believed that nephroblastomas arise from metanephric blastema. Histologic features typically consist of three distinct cell populations (epithelial, mesenchymal, and blastemal), and characteristic formation of acini, tubules, and structures reminiscent of fetal glomeruli are often seen. Nephroblastomas are immunoreactive to Wilm’s Tumor Factor 1 (WT-1), vimentin, and cytokeratin 19 (CK19); with WT-1 being considered pathognomonic for ectopic nephroblastoma in the spinal cord. The neoplasm, in this case, had two distinct cell populations, epithelial and mesenchymal. Distinct blastemal elements were not identified in the examined sections. Blastema can have an early epithelial or spindle appearance and may be histologically difficult to distinguish from the other two populations. Interestingly, a population with squamous metaplasia was also present, which has been described in human and veterinary nephroblastoma cases and is considered to be on the continuum of metanephric differentiation.
Renal nephroblastomas may have metastasis in up to 75% of the cases. Metastasis and/or secondary sites of ectopic nephroblastoma have been reported in dogs affecting the spinal cord segment along the L4-L6. In the case herein, an extensive number of additional tissues were also examined histologically, and no other sites had neoplastic involvement, ruling out primary renal nephroblastoma with metastasis. The neoplasm along with the associated axonal degeneration of the spinal cord correlates with the clinical presentation of progressive ataxia to bilateral paresis with proprioceptive deficits.
References:
1. Brewer DM, Cerda-Gonzalez S, et al. Spinal cord nephroblastoma in dogs: 11 cases (1985-2007). 2011; J Am Vet Med Assoc 238(5): 618–624.
2. Higgins RJ, Bollen AW, et al. Tumors of the Nervous System. In: Meuten DJ, ed. Tumors in Domestic Animals. 5th ed. Ames, IA: Wiley-Blackwell. 2017; 836, 863-864.
3. Meuten DJ, Meuten TJ. Tumors of the Urinary System. In: Meuten DJ, ed. Tumors in Domestic Animals. 5th ed. Ames, IA: Wiley-Blackwell. 2017; 646-647.
4. Pearson GR, Gregory SP, Charles A.K. Immunohistochemical demonstration of Wilms tumour gene product WT1 in a canine “neuroepithelioma” providing evidence for its classification as an extrarenal nephroblastoma. 1997; J Comp Pathol 116:321–327.
5. Popov SD, Sebire NJ, Vujanic GM. Wilms’ Tumour – Histology and Differential Diagnosis. In: van den Heuvel-Eibrink MM, ed. Wilms Tumor [Internet]. Brisbane, AU: Codon Publications. 2016; Chapter 1. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK373364/doi: 10.15586/codon.wt.2016.ch1
6. Vandevelde M, Higgins R, Oevermann A. Veterinary Neuropathology: Essentials of Theory and Practice. Hoboken: John Wiley and Sons. 2012; 153-154.
7. Vasei M, Moch H, Mousavi A, Kajbafzadeh AM, Sauter G. Immunohistochemical profiling of Wilms tumor: a tissue microarray study. 2008; Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol. 16(2):128-134. doi:10.1097/PAI.0b013e31804d6825
FEUTSCH
1
264
NEVPC
2022
4
REPTILE
Metastatic melanophoroma.
1-year-old, female
The patient was humanely euthanized following the regrowth of a previously removed melanophoroma on the inner thigh.
Metastatic melanophoroma.
SWAN
1
265
NEVPC
2022
6
SEAL
Brain (cerebellum): Expanding out from the white-gray matter junction, approximately 50% of the examined cerebellum is effaced by large, coalescing regions of central lytic necrosis and angiocentric hemorrhage surrounded by marked granulomatous inflammation with myriad intralesional fungal hyphae. Fungal hyphae are 5-15 µm wide and characterized by non-parallel, deeply eosinophilic cell walls with occasional septation, bulbous dilations and non-dichotomous branching. In areas of lytic necrosis, fungal hyphae are scattered among the cellular debris and are observed within necrotic vessels along with fibrin thrombi. In areas of granulomatous inflammation, hyphae are frequently surrounded or engulfed by multinucleated giant cells with up to 40 nuclei per cell as well as dense aggregates of eosinophils, lymphocytes, plasma cells, neutrophils, and macrophages. Rarely, discrete aggregates of deeply eosinophilic material surrounded by giant cells are also observed. Many small vessels within the areas of inflammation, particularly at the peripheral edge, are disrupted by a combination of fungal hyphae and mixed inflammatory cells with fibrinoid vascular necrosis and occasional thrombosis. Low numbers of similarly affected vessels as well as scattered multinucleated giant cells or inflammation with fungal elements are present within the surrounding neuropil along with mild to moderate gliosis, spongiosis, and perivascular cuffing by lymphocytes, macrophages and fewer eosinophils. There is mild to marked, lymphohistiocytic and eosinophilic meningitis which increases in severity when adjacent to the areas of affected neuropil, multifocally merging with the underlying inflammation.
Similar, less extensive lesions are present in the other regions of the brain (midbrain, thalamus, and pons). Within the cerebrum, inflammation is restricted to the meninges which are moderately expanded by edema, hemorrhage, lymphocytes, plasma cells and rare eosinophils.
Special Stains: Gomori’s Methenamine Silver Stain (GMS) and Periodic Acid-Schiff Stain (PAS) are applied to sections of brain with adequate positive and negative controls. Fungal hyphae stain positive with both GMS and PAS.
Morphologic Diagnosis:
1. Brain (cerebellum, brainstem, and midbrain): Severe subacute multifocal to coalescing necrohemorrhagic granulomatous and eosinophilic encephalitis with vasculitis, vascular necrosis, thrombosis, and myriad intralesional fungal hyphae consistent with mucormycosis
2. Brain (cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem, and midbrain): Mild to marked subacute multifocal lymphohistiocytic and eosinophilic encephalitis
Additional Diagnoses:
Lung: Chronic focal granulomatous pneumonia with fibrinoid vascular necrosis, fibrin thrombi, and myriad intralesional fungal hyphae consistent with mucormycosis
External ear canals: Bilateral chronic lymphoplasmacytic otitis externa with mild fibrosis and intrafollicular mixed bacteria
Tracheobronchial, right axillary, and mesenteric lymph nodes: Mild to moderate follicular and paracortical hyperplasia with sinus histiocytosis (consistent with reactive lymph node)
14-year-old male harbor seal
A 14-year-old male harbor seal presented with rotary nystagmus, involuntary head movement, and a mild right head tilt. The animal also developed mild intermittent facial swelling, specifically under/around the eyes. The animal was started on enrofloxacin and meloxicam for possible otitis interna or bacterial meningitis, ponazuril for possible Sarcocystis neurona or Toxoplasma gondii, and given a B complex injection with 100mg thiamine for possible thiamine deficiency. Two days later, the animal developed right-sided Horner’s syndrome, difficulty chewing on the right side of the mouth, a left-sided white aural discharge, and paresis of the right forelimb. The animal was sedated for blood collection (CBC/Chemistry panel unremarkable). Following sedation, the animal remained minimally responsive for a prolonged period of time and was found deceased the following morning.
Brain: A 10 x 15 x 6 mm, moderately well demarcated region of the right dorsal cerebellum was discolored grey to faintly yellow. Similar, smaller foci were observed within the ventral right cerebellum, midbrain, thalamus and pons.
Respiratory system: The medial aspect of the right caudal lung lobe next to the right mainstem bronchus was effaced by a 5 x 5 x 6.5 cm, irregularly round, well demarcated, firm, beige mass.
Lymph nodes: The lymph nodes were moderately to markedly enlarged (right axillary, tracheobronchial, bilateral inguinal).
Ophthalmic system: There were bilateral mature cataracts.
Auditory system: The ear canals were dark gray with a slight granular texture; the tympanic bullae were filled with tan/pink material.
The ante-mortem clinical signs and cause of death in this animal were attributable to severe fungal infection of the brain associated with vascular compromise from vasculitis and thrombosis with subsequent hemorrhage and necrosis (infarction) predominately affecting the cerebellum, brainstem, and midbrain. Histologically identical fungal hyphae are observed within a fibrotic granuloma in the lung adjacent to a mainstem bronchus. Given the chronicity of the lung lesion, an initial respiratory infection with subsequent hematogenous spread to the brain is suspected. The morphology of the fungal hyphae and angioinvasion is most consistent with mucormycosis. Initial panfungal PCR designed to isolate zygomycetes failed to detect fungal DNA within the submitted sample, possibly due to prolonged fixation in formalin, however, further testing is being pursued.
Zygomycetes are saprophytic, non-contagious, filamentous fungi within the class of Zygomycetes which consists of orders Mucorales and Entomophthorales. The order Entomophthorales most commonly causes subcutaneous disease in immunocompetent hosts and includes the Basidiobolus and Conidiobolis genera. Order Mucorales most commonly causes angioinvasive systemic disease with subsequent tissue ischemia (mucormycosis) in immunocompromised individuals and includes the Absidia, Mucor, Rhizopus, Rhizomucor, and Mortierella genera. In humans, most cases are caused by fungi within the order Mucorales, and therefore the terms “mucormycosis” and “zygomycoses,” as well as "phycomycosis," are often use interchangeably.
Zygomycetes fungi are ubiquitous in the soil and decaying vegetation and basidioboli species have been isolated in the gastrointestinal tracts of amphibians, reptiles and macropods. Histologically, these fungi are distinguished by non-parallel, frequently wide, thick walls with infrequent septation and accompanied by granulomatous and eosinophilic inflammation. Three syndromes have previously been described in veterinary medicine including cutaneous/subcutaneous disease, most commonly in horses, rhinocerebral disease, and systemic disease with the pulmonary and gastrointestinal tract most affected. Six classifications are described in human medicine based on further anatomic localization: rhinocerebral, pulmonary, cutaneous, gastrointestinal, disseminated, and uncommon. The portal of entry is typically through cutaneous wounds, the respiratory tract, or the oral cavity with hematogenous systemic dissemination due to angioinvasion by the fungi. Zygomycosis in pinnipeds has been previously described in several case reports. The specific combination of lung and cerebellar infection with similar histologic lesions due to Rhizomucor pusillus has been reported in a ringed seal (Pusa hispida); as with the case described here, no predisposing condition was identified.
References:
Caswell JL, Williams KJ. 2016. Infectious diseases of the respiratory system. ln: Maxie MG,ed. Jubb, Kennedy, and Palmer’s Pathology of Domestic Animals. Vol 2. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders. 573.
Ibrahim AS, Spellberg B, Walsh TJ, Kontoyiannis DP. 2012. Pathogenesis of mucormycosis. Clin Infect Dis. 54 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S16-22.
Jacobsen ID. 2019. Animal Models to Study Mucormycosis. J Fungi (Basel). 5(2):27.
Kaplan W, Gross LJ, Ajello L, Ivens MS. 1960. Pulmonary mucormycosis in a harp seal caused by Mucor pusillus. Mycopathol Mycol Appl. 12:101-110.
Nakagun S, Okazaki M, Toyotome T, Sugiyama N, Watanabe K, Horiuchi N, Kobayashi Y. 2018. Fatal Pulmonary and Cerebellar Zygomycosis due to Rhizomucor pusillus in a Ringed Seal (Pusa hispida). Mycopathologia. 183(6):979-985.
Petrikkos G, Skiada A, Lortholary O, Roilides E, Walsh TJ, Kontoyiannis DP. 2012. Epidemiology and clinical manifestations of mucormycosis. Clin Infect Dis. 54 Suppl 1:S23-34.
Taboada J. Zygomycosis. 2020. IN: The Merk Veterinary Manual, online edition, Whitehouse Station, NJ:Merck & Co., Inc.
Vitosevic K et al. 2018. Effect of formalin fixation on PCR amplification of DNA isolated from healthy autopsy tissues. Acta Histochem. 120(8):780-788.
Acknowledgments: We would like to thank the North Carolina Zoological Park and associated veterinary staff, the Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, as well as the NC State University College of Veterinary Medicine Histology Laboratory.
Womble
1
267
NEVPC
2022
22
AVIAN
1. Brain: Multifocal to coalescing granulomas with abundant intracellular acid-fast bacilli.
2. Spleen: Multifocal to coalescing granulomas with abundant intracellular acid-fast bacilli and suspect amyloid deposition.
3. Lung: Multifocal to coalescing granulomas with abundant intracellular and extracellular acid-fast bacilli.
4. Liver: Hepatitis, multifocal, granulomatous, with rare intracellular acid-fast bacteria and suspect amyloid deposition.
5. Thymus: Focal granuloma.
6. Coelomic fat: Steatitis, granulomatous, multifocal, moderate, with marked fat atrophy.
7. Small intestine: Enteritis, lymphoplasmacytic, mild to moderate.
8. Ventriculus: Degradation of the koilin layer and bacterial overgrowth.
2 y.o. female
Previously healthy adult redhead hen with a 3-week history of waxing and waning neurologic signs including: diminished reactivity to handling, intermittent nystagmus, head tremors, right-sided head tilt and tilt, depression. Leukocytosis with mature heterophilia, persistent despite ceftiofur, meloxicam, B-vitamins, itraconizol, and fluids. Splenomegaly noted on radiographs. Negative for and vaccinated against West Nile virus.
Rallied briefly followed by abrupt decompensation exhibiting: obtundity, opposing nystagmus (vertical in one eye and horizontal in the other), open mouth breathing, dorsal recumbency, mucous membrane pallor, and pyrexia.
Euthanasia elected due to progressive neurologic disease.
Clinical signs are attributed to granulomas in multiple locations, particularly the brain, due to
infection with acid fast bacteria. The bacterium in question has been confirmed by PCR to be a Mycobacterium sp.,
and M. avium complex is the most common source of mycobacterial disease in birds. This pathogen is a ubiquitous environmental microbe and extremely common as a cause of infectious disease in bird collections.
Amyloidosis, suspected in the spleen and liver, is a frequent sequela to mycobacteriosis in ducks due to the chronic inflammation induced by the bacterium.
HOLDER
1
270
NEVPC
2022
18
EQUINE
Histopathologic findings, left retrobulbar mass (provided scanned slide): Effacing and invading the ethmoid turbinates is a nonencapsulated, well-demarcated, moderately cellular neoplasm composed of poorly defined polygonal cells arranged in nests and packets within a delicate fibrovascular stroma. The cells have a moderate amount of pale eosinophilic, granular, cytoplasm, and a round to oval nucleus with finely stippled chromatin and 1-2 small nucleoli. Anisocytosis and anisokaryosis are mild. Two mitotic figures are present in ten standardized 400 fields (2.37-mm2).
18-year-old American Quarter horse gelding.
The patient presented to Comparative Ophthalmology at Auburn University of College of Veterinary Medicine in July 2021 with swelling and epiphora of the left eye for the past two weeks. Clinical examination revealed exophthalmos in the left eye with chemosis and periorbital swelling. The head CT showed an approximately 4.5-cm diameter mass in the left retrobulbar space with attenuation similar to soft tissue. The mass extended into the ethmoid turbinates and eroded the left aspect of the cribriform plate. Euthanasia was elected due to the poor prognosis.
The left eye was markedly enlarged and bulged from the orbit. An approximately 4-cm x 5-cm x 4.5-cm well-demarcated, multinodular, tan, and firm mass was present in the left retrobulbar space. The neoplasm compressed the left eyeball, invaded the left medial orbital wall, and infiltrated and effaced the medial aspect of the left ethmoid turbinates. The mass was tan and multilobulated on the cut surface.
Literature review of causes in equine exophthalmos in orbit include neoplasia, inflammation, dermoid cyst, andIntradiploic hematoma. Orbital (extra-adrenal) paragangliomas are rare neuroendocrine tumors. Paragangliomas arise from the neural crest cells and can occur within the sympathetic or parasympathetic ganglia in the body. The unique extra-adrenal paragangliomas in horses likely originate from the ciliary ganglion, located within the orbital muscle cone in the ventrolateral position adjacent to the optic nerve. Exophthalmos and the infiltration into the adjacent tissues are the main clinical and pathological manifestations associated with orbital paragangliomas. In the present case, based on the clinical findings, computed tomography, and histopathological features, an orbital (extra-adrenal) paraganglioma was diagnosed.
YIN
1
403
Invertebrate Course
2022
15
HERMIT CRAB
about 6-year-old male hermit crab
The adult hermit crab was found dead without showing clinical signs. It had been kept for about 6 months in a community display tank of about 1500 gal at a temperature between 16-20¡C. It was fed fresh fish, mussels and silversides every other day. In the previous months no episodes of disease were found in the animals housed in the tank.
MAGI
1
404
Invertebrate Course
2022
3
BEE
1. Wings: Degeneration, diffuse, severe
2. Hypopharyngeal and Mandibular glands, head: Hypoplasia/atrophy, diffuse, severe, subacute to chronic
3. Eyes: Degeneration, multifocal, mild, chronic
Honeybee worker
Approximately 15,000 of 50,000 honeybee workers and drones in the colony were affected.
Shriveled wings
Protruding proboscis
MCHALE
1
405
Invertebrate Course
2022
6
ABALONE
1. Posterior-esophagus, intestine: Marked, multifocal, intra-epithelial bacterial colonies (consistent with WS-RLO and WS-RLOv)
2. Digestive gland: Severe, diffuse atrophy and loss with multifocal ductal metaplasia
3. Pedal muscle: Severe, diffuse, atrophy and loss
3-year-old, female
This animal comes from a recent study at Bodega Marine Laboratory analyzing age susceptibility to withering syndrome (WS). Half the animals, including this one, were exposed to WS agent. Since this study occurred after 2005, infection included withering syndrome Rickettsiales like organism variant (WS-RLOv) as well WS-RLO.
Shrunken (2/3 based on scoring system used at Bodega Marine Laboratory) foot.
Withering syndrome (WS) is a fatal disease of haliotids that has resulted in devastating population losses in multiple abalone species, including the endangered white and black abalone (Haliotis sorenseni and cracherodii). This disease was first recognized in 1985 and the etiologic agent, a marine Rickettsiales like organism (RLO) Candidatus Xenohaliotis californiensis (CaXc) was identified in 2000 (Friedman et al. 2000). White and black abalone are especially susceptible to infection, with up to 100% mortality in some studies (Crosson et al. 2014). More recently, beginning in 2005, WS-RLO variant (WS-RLOv) infections, which have their own distinct morphology, have increased in frequency. The etiology of the WS-RLOv is CaXc that has been infected with a phage hyperparasite (Friedman & Crosson 2012). Studies comparing WS-RLO and WS-RLOv infected black abalone, have shown that infection with the phage reduces the ability of CaXc to cause disease, demonstrating a fascinating example of evolved biological control (Friedman et al. 2014). This case represents a classic example of the pathogenic effects of WS-RLO infection and allow for comparison of the WS-RLO and RLOv morphology.
FINGERHOOD
1
406
Invertebrate Course
2022
16
SCORPION
1. Prosoma, dorsal body cavity: Hemocytic sarcoma
2. Mid-gut diverticula: Digestive gland atrophy, diffuse, severe, chronic
3. Cuticle: Erosion, multifocal, moderate, with melanization and fungal hyphae
4. Muscle: Myositis, multifocal to coalescing, moderate
5. Book lungs: Pneumonia, diffuse, mild
Greater than four-year-old, adult, male Asian jungle scorpion (Heterometrus sp.)
The animal was found deceased in its enclosure without antemortem clinical signs.
In this case, the bilateral, asymmetrical masses of hemocytes within the dorsal body cavity of the prosoma are composed of large numbers of monomorphic hemocytes with varying degrees of cytoplasmic granularity, anisocytosis, anisokaryosis, and multiple mitotic figures. There are no features of inflammation (e.g. melanization, encapsulation, elongation, degranulation, etc.). In addition, there are multifocal central areas of necrosis, which are not a feature of inflammation and are most suggestive of a neoplasm that has outgrown its blood supply. Based on these features, this is consistent with a hemocytic sarcoma.
This case illustrates an example of hemocytic sarcoma in a scorpion. Invertebrates are documented to be affected by numerous tumor types, including carapacial wall tumors, papillomas, carcinomas, adenocarcinomas, and the most described, disseminated hematogenous neoplasms. Disseminated hematogenous neoplasms have been described across 15 species of mollusk, white shrimp, and mutant strains of Drosophila. While recent research has demonstrated improved knowledge of neoplasia in invertebrates, there is still a lack of understanding in tumor biology, cell identification tools (immunohistochemistry), staging, classification, and treatment.
The myositis may have been secondary to regional trauma/compression to the apodemes and muscle from the neoplasm. There was a bacterial biofilm overlying pulmonary lamellae with pneumonia and a mild fungal infection of the cuticle with melanization. Both are likely secondary lesions due to depression of the immune system, potentially from neoplasia or advanced age. The diffuse digestive gland atrophy is indicative of negative energy balance, often observed secondary to chronic infection or illness (likely due to neoplasia in this case).
Gaudette
1
407
Invertebrate Course
2022
7
BUTTERFLY
Morphologic Diagnosis: Caterpillar, fifth instar: Coelomitis, hemocytic, diffuse, moderate with severe fat body atrophy, muscle degeneration and larva consistent with Tachinidae sp, monarch butterfly, Danus plexippus.
5th instar larva
History: Wild caterpillar presented dead. The animal had no premonitory signs and was previously bright, eating, and beginning to pupate. Once the caterpillar was on silk and in ÒJÓ formation it changed to a duller and darker color, lost its firm fleshy texture, and became visibly thin and moribund.
Discussion: Monarchs (Danaus plexippus) are a charismatic butterfly species that have recently caught public attention due to their decline in numbers causing enthusiasts to raise these caterpillars and plant their host plant in their gardens. Here we cover one of the many challenges monarch face during their development. The larva of tachinid flies within the family Tachinidae are one of the most common monarch parasitoids. They are from a large order of two winged flies that parasitize a wide range of host from butterflies to arachnids. Although there are at least seven species that have been recently documented to parasitize Danaus plexippus, the most common species found is Lespesia archippivora. The female fly deposits eggs on the surface of young instar caterpillars, the eggs hatch and tachinid larva burrow into the caterpillar. The fly larvae go through three larval stages within the coelom of the caterpillar and emerge as late stage larvae or pupae. Early stage larvae associate with host trachea and develop a respiratory funnel, which is thought to be of host origin. Within the third stage the larvae become free and will devour most of the hostÕs innards.^
The third stage larvae or pupae emerge when the caterpillar is either in the ÒJÓ formation just about to pupate (as a 5th instar) or an early stage pupa. One caterpillar can have up to ten fly larva within their coelom. As seen in this case, these parasitoids causes extreme emaciation within their hosts but incite minimal inflammation with most of the inflammation being attributed to necrotic host tissue rather than the parasitoid itself.
Argue
1
408
Invertebrate Course
2022
12
FISH
1. Digestive gland: Marked, multifocal to coalescing, granulomatous adenitis with intralesional coccobacilli; Gland degeneration and atrophy
2. Gills: Mild, multifocal, acute granulocytic branchitis with mild coccidiosis (Aggregata sp., presumed)
3. Vascular channels: Minimal, multifocal granulocytic vasculitis with mild coccidiosis
4. Systemic heart: Mild, focal endocardial pigment accumulation
5. Coelom: Mild to moderate, multifocal serositis (coelomitis)
several months old, undetermined sex
The specimen was from a group of stumpy cuttlefish that had arrived at the Brookfield Zoo between late September and early October of 2021 as presumed juveniles. Intermittent deaths had been occurring in this group and this specific individual was found deceased in December 2021. It was suspected that the deaths within this population had been associated with reaching maturity and or senescence. No intraspecific aggression was witnessed.
No significant gross findings.
Cause of death was most likely due to extensive and chronic inflammation of the digestive gland with intralesional bacteria and possible degenerate coccidia. While bacteria were not noted in cells or vessels elsewhere, terminal bacteremia/septicemia was suspected given the vasculitis and mild coelomitis. The coccidia noted in the gills and vascular channels were morphologically consistent with Aggregata sp. Coccidiosis caused by Aggregata sp. (phylum Apicomplexa, family Aggregatidae) is a common gastrointestinal disease of benthic cephalopods worldwide and has been described in octopus, cuttlefish, and squid.1,2 Although coccidiosis is generally not considered fatal, it predisposes to secondary infections due to mucosal compromise and suppression of hostÕs innate immunity.2 In this individual, the presence of coccidia in the gills and other vessels indicated dissemination, which may have predisposed to bacterial infection. Although the examined sections did not show substantial gastrointestinal tract injury or compromise, the presence of disseminated coccidia indicated previous GI tract infection. Furthermore, it is highly possible that a lesion in the GI tract was excluded from examined sections.
PUSHINSKY
1
409
Invertebrate Course
2022
9
MILLIPEDE
Severe, regional, necrotizing and hemocytic myositis, coelomitis, and dermatitis with intralesional fungi and mixed bacteria
This individual was found deceased in its enclosure on top of the substrate.
White material was protruding from between two body rings. Placed in formalin for histopathologic analysis.
COOK
1
410
Invertebrate Course
2022
8
COCKROACH
2-year-old, male
This 2-year-old, male Madagascar hissing cockroach (Gromphadorhina portentosa) was found dead. There are 13 adult hissing cockroaches that reside in an exhibit enclosure. The exhibit measures 14"x7"x15". It is made of plastic and frosted on the back wall, black on the side walls, and clear on the front wall to allow guests to see in. The top panel of the exhibit is primarily metal screen. The substrate for the enclosure is 1" of cypress mulch which is spot cleaned daily and replaced as needed. When substrate is removed, it is frozen for 72 hours or more. There are 4 pieces of cork bark in the exhibit that allow the roaches to hide and utilize the vertical space. A 43-watt incandescent bulb illuminates the exhibit and provides warmth. The exhibit temperature is 78 degrees and humidity is 50%. The exhibit is lightly misted each morning to help with humidity. There is a naturalistic looking water bowl that contains small rocks and water. The rocks are utilized so the roaches do not fall in and drown. There is also a naturalistic food dish containing wheat bran and fish flakes. Daily, the roaches are also offered greens and vegetables. The produce is replaced the next day if not eaten in its entirety.
Seasonal, mass die-off of Siliqua patula (Razor clams) on Kalaloch beach (Washington state).
Truncated age categories at one WA beach suggest that localized, pulsed mortality events are occurring after clams have recruited to coastal beaches. This mortality has led to extensive harvest closures at Kalaloch Beach, WA.
Multiple moribund clams
HAWTHORN
1
412
Invertebrate Course
2022
13
LOBSTER
Hepatopancreas: Necrosis, multifocal, random, moderate to severe with hemocytes and gram-negative bacteria
Young adult Caribbean spiny lobster, Panulirus argus
Increased fatalities in a local public aquarium. Mortalities spanned multiple tanks connected to the same life support system. There was an absence of clinical signs and postmortem decomposition limited investigations, so an arbitrary individual was euthanized and submitted immediately for diagnostics.
Gross and microscopic findings for multiple maladies present similarly in lobsters because of their limited ability to respond to disease and bodily damage. This lobster had significant multifocal necrosis of the hepatopancreas centered on gram-negative bacteria. Vibrio harveyi was cultured, identified initially by MALDI-TOF MS and then confirmed by MLSA, nanopore and Illumina sequencing. Vibrio spp. result in morbidity and mortality for many aquatic animals. V. harveyi is considered one of the most significant pathogens to cultured shrimp resulting in necrosis of the striated tail muscle, while several other Vibrio spp. are implicated in limp lobster disease and luminous vibriosis. Laser capture microdissection and genome analysis for virulence factors and anti-resistance elements are ongoing.
BENNETT
1
413
Invertebrate Course
2022
5
TARANTULA
1. Proximal midgut tube (prosoma) and sucking stomach: Severe, segmental, ulcerative gastroenteritis with perforation, melanization, and intralesional fungal hyphae and bacteria
2. Brain and peripheral nerves: Marked, diffuse, hemocytic encephalitis and neuritis with liquefactive necrosis and intralesional fungal hyphae and bacteria
3. Aorta and large hemolymphatic vessels: Marked, multifocal, hemocytic vasculitis with intramural fungal hyphae and intravascular bacteria
4. Skeletal muscle: Moderate, regionally extensive, monophasic myofiber degeneration and necrosis
5. Midgut diverticula: Mild, multifocal, erosive diverticulitis
Adult female Brazilian red and white tarantula (Nhandu chromatus)
The animal was found deceased in its enclosure without antemortem clinical signs.
N/A
This case illustrates the intimate anatomic association between the central nervous system, alimentary tract, and cardiovascular system in arachnids Ð and the collateral consequences that can come with lesions in one of these systems. In arachnids, the esophagus transverses through the brain prior to entry into the sucking stomach, which becomes the midgut tube caudal to the brain. The aorta and large vascular branches are parallel and immediately dorsal to the intestinal tract and are intimately associated with the peripheral nerves branching from the brain. Collectively, this arrangement indicates that severe injury to any of these systems could affect the others by local extension.
For the present case, we propose the following pathogenesis to explain lesions: segmental ulceration and perforation at the junction between the stomach and midgut tube _ release of ingesta, including presumed normal bacteria and fungal flora _ regional organism proliferation, hemocytic inflammation and melanization _ local spread to the adjacent brain _ vascular invasion through aorta _ septicemia and systemic inflammation.
The cause of perforation is not apparent in this case, but we speculate a few factors could be contributing. First, the perforation occurred at the junction between cuticle-lined and non-cuticle lined alimentary tract; it is possible that this site may be predisposed to injury or perforation by coarser ingesta due to differences in barrier strength and/or peristaltic dynamics. To this point, in a retrospective study on histologic lesions in arachnids (n=26), in addition to the current case, we identified another case of ulceration at this site with bacterial translocation, regional cavitary inflammation, and aortic vasculitis.
Second, given the extensive growth of fungal organisms, it is possible that there was a primary fungal infection of the sucking stomach/proximal midgut tube leading to perforation. In the aforementioned retrospective study, fungal infection of visceral organs was relatively common (n=6/26), and in all 6 cases the alimentary tract was involved. In the same study, yeast organisms were often seen in normal alimentary tract lumina, suggestive of normal alimentary flora. It is possible that these may opportunistically colonize injured tissue (i.e. a site of mucosal erosion/ulceration) in the form of hyphae. Future studies including fungal culture of alimentary lesions, in addition to characterizing the normal arachnid alimentary flora, would aid in elucidating pathogenesis of this case, as well as further our collective understanding of the role of fungal disease in arachnid health.
Schreeg
1
414
Invertebrate Course
2022
11
OCTOPUS
Arm and suckers: Severe, multifocal to coalescing, cutaneous coccidiosis
Adult, female, common Atlantic octopus (Octopus vulgaris)
This octopus was collected from the wild in the Florida Keys, USA and transported to an aquarium in California for public display in January 2022. No significant physical abnormalities were noted at the time of arrival. Within three weeks of accession, the octopusÕs movements appeared uncoordinated and somewhat spastic. There were irregularly shaped areas of skin pallor randomly distributed on multiple arms. No lesions were noted on the mantle. Numerous suckers appeared rigid and did not grasp normally. They were also pale in color and were standing erect away from their attachment to the arm. Despite these physical anomalies, the octopus continued to eat its diet of thawed, frozen grass shrimp, thawed frozen fish, and live feeder goldfish.
On day thirty-five, the octopus was sedated by gradually introducing 95% ethanol into its holding tank. The animal was adequately immobilized at a concentration of 2.5%. Multiple affected suckers were excised distal to transfixation sutures. An affected distal arm was similarly excised. The left gill arch was exteriorized from the mantle cavity and an excision biopsy collected. All specimens were preserved in NBF and submitted for histological examination. At the time of surgical biopsy, it was noted that the animal had laid a clutch of eggs in the den, and would likely be senescing gradually over the subsequent weeks to months.
The amputated distal arm did not exhibit any color differences at the time of collection due to the effects of the ethanol sedation; a normal finding. The integument was intact. Excised suckers were stiff and extended. The margins of the suckers curled inward to a slight degree. Excised gill filaments were normal in color and texture.
MURRAY
1
415
Invertebrate Course
2022
1
CORAL
brush coral (Acropora hyacinthus): Severe, multifocal, pan-epithelial necrosis with zooxanthellae degeneration and bleaching, endolithic algal overgrowth and tissue invasion, and endolithic sea spiders.
Coral colonies from the species Stylophora pistillata, Pocillopora damicornis, Acropora tenuis, Acropora hyacithus, and Acropora millepora.
A coral reef system at the Steinhart Aquarium experienced a population explosion of pycnogonid sea spiders (Arthropoda: Class Pycnogonida) with subsequent negative health effects on the corals species in the system. Biopsies of corals were sent to Zoetis Reference Labs to aid with diagnosis and then monitoring of corals during treatment.
Ailing colonies exhibited a general poor appearance: pallor due to expulsion or degeneration of the pigmented commensal zooxanthellae that live within coral tissue (ÒbleachingÓ), a general loss of polyps, and exposure of white skeleton that comes from a recession or complete loss of the epithelial tissue that covers it.
KROL
1
416
Invertebrate Course
2022
16
SCORPION
1. Prosoma, dorsal body cavity: Hemocytic sarcoma
2. Mid-gut diverticula: Digestive gland atrophy, diffuse, severe, chronic
3. Cuticle: Erosion, multifocal, moderate, with melanization and fungal hyphae
4. Muscle: Myositis, multifocal to coalescing, moderate
5. Book lungs: Pneumonia, diffuse, mild
Greater than four-year-old, adult, male Asian jungle scorpion (Heterometrus sp.)
The animal was found deceased in its enclosure without antemortem clinical signs.
In this case, the bilateral, asymmetrical masses of hemocytes within the dorsal body cavity of the prosoma are composed of large numbers of monomorphic hemocytes with varying degrees of cytoplasmic granularity, anisocytosis, anisokaryosis, and multiple mitotic figures. There are no features of inflammation (e.g. melanization, encapsulation, elongation, degranulation, etc.). In addition, there are multifocal central areas of necrosis, which are not a feature of inflammation and are most suggestive of a neoplasm that has outgrown its blood supply. Based on these features, this is consistent with a hemocytic sarcoma.
This case illustrates an example of hemocytic sarcoma in a scorpion. Invertebrates are documented to be affected by numerous tumor types, including carapacial wall tumors, papillomas, carcinomas, adenocarcinomas, and the most described, disseminated hematogenous neoplasms. Disseminated hematogenous neoplasms have been described across 15 species of mollusk, white shrimp, and mutant strains of Drosophila. While recent research has demonstrated improved knowledge of neoplasia in invertebrates, there is still a lack of understanding in tumor biology, cell identification tools (immunohistochemistry), staging, classification, and treatment.
The myositis may have been secondary to regional trauma/compression to the apodemes and muscle from the neoplasm. There was a bacterial biofilm overlying pulmonary lamellae with pneumonia and a mild fungal infection of the cuticle with melanization. Both are likely secondary lesions due to depression of the immune system, potentially from neoplasia or advanced age. The diffuse digestive gland atrophy is indicative of negative energy balance, often observed secondary to chronic infection or illness (likely due to neoplasia in this case).
Gaudette
1
417
Invertebrate Course
2022
14
INSECT
Densovirus
Superworm beetle larva
PESSIER
1
418
Invertebrate Course
2022
10
TARANTULA
a. Basal segment and fang arthrodial membrane: Dermatitis, regionally extensive, chronic, marked with melanization and hemocytic coagula
b. Muscle: Myositis, multifocal, chronic, moderate with atrophy, degeneration, and regeneration
Mexican Red-knee Tarantula
Presented for anorexia and lethargy. The left chelicera was non-mobile. The patient was found deceased 10 months later.
None.
HANDBERG
1
419
Invertebrate Course
2022
4
OCTOPUS
1. Renal Appendage: Tubular necrosis, multifocal, moderate with epithelial ulceration and intralesional nephrolith
2. Digestive Gland: Glandular atrophy and fibrosis, diffuse, chronic, severe
Giant Pacific octopus
In May 2019, this octopus laid eggs, developed a mantle abrasion, and became hyporexic (food intake decreased by 50%). For one year, the mantle abrasion slowly healed, but hyporexia persisted and worsened. In November 2020, the octopus became pale with loss of sucker grip, decreased interaction, cloudy eyes, and decreased body mass. At that time, food intake became minimal to none, and the decision was made to humanely euthanize the octopus.
The body was pale, the eyes were cloudy, and there was decreased body mass. Internal examination revealed that the kidneys had multiple crystalline deposits.
HUGHES
1
435
Davis-Thompson
2022
GUINEA PIG
Trichofolliculoma
5 year old guinea pig
Large alopecic nodule on the dorsum
Trichofolliculoma
H&E
Trichofolliculomas are the most common skin tumor of the guinea pig. These cystic neoplasm contain multiple sets of folliculosebaceous units with project into the central lumen, and there is rudimentary trichogenesis. Surgical excision appears complete and should be curative.
WILLIAMS
None attached
1
437
Davis-Thompson
2022
NHP - RHESUS
Kidney: Glomus tumor
7y 5m year old male rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta).
This monkey received 6.5 Gray total body irradiation four and a half years prior to necropsy as part of a study examining the acute and chronic effects of irradiation.
H&E
Glomus tumors are rare, typically benign tumors arising from periendothelial modified smooth muscle cells which form the Sucquet-Hoyer canal, a structure that regulates temperature and blood flow in the subcutis, and are most commonly described in the fingers of women.
Glornus tumors are rarely reported in domestic species. One publication from 1984 described four glomus tumors in adult rhesus monkeys, which had received total body irradiation, however the radiation dose was not specified. 4 While the most common anatomic location in humans are the finger tips, malignant glomus tumors with metastases have been reported, including several humans who had either primary or metastatic renal lesions.
WILLIAMS
1. AI-Ahmadie HA; Yilmaz A, Olgac S, Reuter VE. Glomus tumor of the kidney: a report of 3 cases involving renal parenchyma and review of the literature. Am J Surg Patho/. 2007;31: 585-591.
2. Chou T, Pan SC, Shieh SJ, Lee JW, Chiu HY, Ho CL. Glomus Tumor: Twenty-Year Experience and Literature Review. Ann Plast Surg. 2016;76 Suppl 1: 535-40.
3. Conte A, Scurrell E, Baines SJ. Glomus cell tumour on the head of a cat. JFMS Open Rep. 2018;4: 205S116918801033.
4. Hubbard GB, Wood DH. Glomangiomas in four irradiated Macaca mulatta. Vet Patho/. 1984;21: 609- 610.
5. Kamarashev J, French LE, Dummer R, Kerl K. Symplastic glomus tumor- a rare but distinct benign histological variant with analogy to other 'ancient' benign skin neoplasms. J Cutan Patho/. 2009;36: 1099-1102.
6. Smith MH, Bhattacharyya I, Cohen DM, Hinze SR, Islam MN. Glomus tumor: a comprehensive review of the clinical and histopathologic features with report of two intraoral cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pat/Joi Oral Radio/. 2019;127: 62-70.
7. Song SE, Lee CH, Kim KA, Lee HJ, Park CM. Malignant glomus tumor of the stomach with multiorgan metastases: report of a case. Surg Today. 2010;40: 662-667.
Frequent episodes of collapse and tachypnea/dyspnea
H&E
NEVPC
1
1010
NEVPC
2016
18
CANINE
Cerebellar abiotrophy
3MO intact female Border Collie
Progressive ataxia and head tremors
H&E
NEVPC
1
1011
Davis-Thompson
2022
NHP - CYNOMOLGUS MACAQUE
Monkeypox
Juvenile male cyno
Aorosolized with monkeypox virus
H&E
WILLIAMS
1
1013
NEVPC
2016
20
FERRET
Vaccine induced sarcoma
13MO male castrate ferret
Mass on left shoulder invading rib
H&E
NEVPC
1
1014
NEVPC
2016
21
CANINE
Laminar cerebral necrosis due to hypernatremia
7YO male castrate ShihTzu
Acute neurologic decline
H&E
NEVPC
1
1016
NEVPC
2016
20
BUDGERIGAR
Avian poxvirus
2YO female opal red rumped parakeet
Recently acquired; severe respiratory distress
H&E
NEVPC
1
1017
NEVPC
2016
19
PIGEON
Avian pox
Adult female mourning dove
Extensive head skin and oral cavity plaques
H&E
NEVPC
1
1018
NEVPC
2016
22
AVIAN
Avian pox
2YO female opal red-rumped parakeet
Recent acquiistion and severe respiratory distress
H&E
NEVPC
1
1019
NEVPC
2016
23
CANINE
Onchocerca lupi
7YO male castrate mixed breed
OD - red and swollen for a month
H&E
NEVPC
1
1020
NEVPC
2016
24
CANINE
Pseudolymphoma due to Borrelia burgdorferi
8YO spayed female gr Great Dane
SQ growth behind the right ear
H&E
NEVPC
1
1021
NEVPC
2016
25
CHINCHILLA
Malocclusion due to reserve crown overgrowth
1.5YO male chinchilla
Anorexia, lethargy.
H&E
NEVPC
1
1022
NEVPC
2016
26
EQUINE
Borrelia burgdorferi
7YO Quarterhorse mare
Conjunctivitis progressing to anterior uveitis
H&E
NEVPC
1
1023
NEVPC
2016
27
CANINE
Amanitin toxicosis
8WO female golden retreiver
Acute onset of vomiting and seizures
H&E
NEVPC
1
1024
NEVPC
2016
28
CANINE
Peripheral neuroblastoma with metastasis
1.5 male castrate Alaskan Malamute
Abdominal mass
H&E
NEVPC
1
1025
NEVPC
2016
29
MOUSE
Pneumocystis pneumonia
16WO female CD40 ligand knockout mouse
Lethargy, trembling, hypothermic
H&E
NEVPC
1
1026
Argentinean Division Interinstitutional Seminars
2022
176
CANINE
Piel: Dermatitis/foliculitis piogranulomatosa multifocal-coalescente, leve, crónica, con fragmentos de pelo con hifas y esporas intralesionales, consistentes con dermatofitos.
Se remite el quinto dedo del miembro anterior derecho de un canino de 6 años de edad, para estudio histopatológico. Se procedió a descalcificar el dedo con ácido nítrico al 6%.
H&E
El querion es un presentación poco frecuente de la dermatofitosis, caracterizada por una importante reacción inflamatoria. La causa de esta fuerte reacción inmunológica no se conoce, aunque en humanos el querion se suele observar con especies de dermatofitos no adaptadas a la piel humana. El potencial zoonótico del querion parece ser menor que otras formas de dermatofitosis, dada la baja cantidad de microorganismos y la profundidad a la que se encuentra la lesión.
Entre los diagnósticos diferenciales hay que considerar neoplasias de piel como mastocitoma o histiocitoma, reacciones de cuerpo extraño, foliculitis y furunculosis, y pseudomicetoma dermatofítico.
Además del querion, existen otras tres presentaciones de las dermatofitosis en los caninos y felinos. La clásica dermatofitosis, con presencia del agente en los folículos pilosos y mínima inflamación; el pseudomicetoma dermatofítico, caracterizado por una severa reacción granulomatosa, con reacción de Splendore-Hoeppli; y la dermatofitosis pustular superficial, causada por la colonización de la queratina superficial, con presencia de pústulas que semejan una dermatitis autoinmune.
1
1027
Argentinean Division Interinstitutional Seminars
2022
177
PORCINE
Necrosis monofásica multifocal en músculo estriado esquelético
En abril de 2022 se recibió la consulta por la muerte de 28 cerdos de engorde, en una granja de 400 madres. La mortandad tuvo lugar en el trascurso de 24 h y estuvo asociada al suministro de una nueva partida de alimento. De la anamnesis surgió que el alimento ofrecido a la categoría engorde el día previo a las muertes, provino de una planta que también elabora alimento para bovinos y que usan lasalocid como ingrediente del alimento para esa especie. Durante la visita a la granja se realizó la inspección clínica del lote afectado, la extracción de sangre de 4 cerdos para hemograma y bioquímica sanguínea y se colectó orina de 1 animal. Se llevó a cabo la necropsia completa de 9 cerdos, obteniéndose muestras de diversos órganos que se fijaron en formaldehído 10% y se procesaron para histopatología. Se colectaron muestras de alimento para determinación cualitativa de lasalocid por cromatografía en capa fina.
H&E
En la inspección clínica se encontraron aproximadamente un 30% de animales postrados, que al incorporarlos manifestaban marcada dificultad en la marcha, temblores musculares, gruñidos, taquipnea con respiración abdominal y temperatura corporal normal o ligeramente aumentada.
El hemograma de los 4 animales evidenció leucocitosis marcada y la bioquímica sanguínea demostró valores elevados para urea, proteínas totales y albúmina, así como un incremento en las enzimas aspartato aminotransferasa (AST) (1937; 5635; 1064; 21; VR=40-60 UI/L), creatina fosfoquinasa (CPK) (30786; 63492; 116087; 108508; VR=<25 UI/L), fosfatasa alcalina (FA) (423; 853; 691; 912; VR=<395 UI/L) y gamma glutamil transferasa (GGT) (40; 83; 41; 50;VR=0-40 UI/L).
La muestra de orina, de aspecto turbio y color rojo oscuro, presentó hemoglobina, células epiteliales vesicales y renales y cilindros granulosos.
El análisis de la muestra de alimento resultó positivo a la presencia de lasalocid entre sus componentes.
1
1028
Argentinean Division Interinstitutional Seminars
2022
177
PORCINE
Necrosis monofásica multifocal en músculo estriado esquelético
En abril de 2022 se recibió la consulta por la muerte de 28 cerdos de engorde, en una granja de 400 madres. La mortandad tuvo lugar en el trascurso de 24 h y estuvo asociada al suministro de una nueva partida de alimento. De la anamnesis surgió que el alimento ofrecido a la categoría engorde el día previo a las muertes, provino de una planta que también elabora alimento para bovinos y que usan lasalocid como ingrediente del alimento para esa especie. Durante la visita a la granja se realizó la inspección clínica del lote afectado, la extracción de sangre de 4 cerdos para hemograma y bioquímica sanguínea y se colectó orina de 1 animal. Se llevó a cabo la necropsia completa de 9 cerdos, obteniéndose muestras de diversos órganos que se fijaron en formaldehído 10% y se procesaron para histopatología. Se colectaron muestras de alimento para determinación cualitativa de lasalocid por cromatografía en capa fina.
H&E
En la inspección clínica se encontraron aproximadamente un 30% de animales postrados, que al incorporarlos manifestaban marcada dificultad en la marcha, temblores musculares, gruñidos, taquipnea con respiración abdominal y temperatura corporal normal o ligeramente aumentada.
El hemograma de los 4 animales evidenció leucocitosis marcada y la bioquímica sanguínea demostró valores elevados para urea, proteínas totales y albúmina, así como un incremento en las enzimas aspartato aminotransferasa (AST) (1937; 5635; 1064; 21; VR=40-60 UI/L), creatina fosfoquinasa (CPK) (30786; 63492; 116087; 108508; VR=<25 UI/L), fosfatasa alcalina (FA) (423; 853; 691; 912; VR=<395 UI/L) y gamma glutamil transferasa (GGT) (40; 83; 41; 50;VR=0-40 UI/L).
La muestra de orina, de aspecto turbio y color rojo oscuro, presentó hemoglobina, células epiteliales vesicales y renales y cilindros granulosos.
El análisis de la muestra de alimento resultó positivo a la presencia de lasalocid entre sus componentes.
1
1029
Argentinean Division Interinstitutional Seminars
2022
178
CANINE
H&E
1
1030
Argentinean Division Interinstitutional Seminars
2022
179
FERRET
Esofagitis supurativa transmural, severa, subaguda, con atrofia muscular
El animal (hurón de 1 año de edad) presentó letargia, reticencia a moverse, paresia y atrofia del tren posterior. Ante la falta de respuesta al tratamiento se decide la eutanasia. Se remitieron al Servicio de Patología Diagnóstica (UBA) muestras de esófago, diafragma y músculo cuádriceps para histopatología.
H&E
La miofascitis idiopática diseminada (DIM) del hurón es una enfermedad que fue reconocida por primera vez en el año 2003 en Estados Unidos, que afecta hurones jóvenes hasta los 2 años, sin predilección de sexo (Garner et al., 2007; Pfent et al., 2013). Se caracteriza por una aparición aguda de los signos clínicos, leucocitosis, falla en la respuesta al tratamiento y muerte (Garner et al., 2007; López y col., 2016; Pedrosa y col., 2022; Pfent et al., 2013). Su causa es desconocida si bien se postula que podría deberse a un fenómeno inmunomediado asociado a la administración del adyuvante de la vacuna del moquillo (Garner et al., 2007; López y col., 2016). Si bien la signología clínica (aumento de temperatura, anorexia, decaimiento, etc.), la leucocitosis y el tipo de infiltrado neutrofílico podrían asociarse a una infección bacteriana sistémica, nunca se pudo aislar ningún tipo de agente causal a partir de las lesiones ni tampoco se observaron resultados positivos a la antibioticoterapia (Garner et al., 2007; López y col., 2016; Pedrosa y col., 2022).
Se puede observar inflamación a nivel de la musculatura esquelética, esofágica y cardíaca, pero también se pueden encontrar lesiones en tráquea, lengua, músculo liso de las vías aéreas pulmonares, músculo liso intestinal, etc. (Garner et al., 2007; Pfent et al., 2013). La lesión esofágica es patognomónica, según algunos autores (Garner et al., 2007; López y col., 2016; Williams et al., 2018).
A nivel sanguíneo, se suele encontrar una severa neutrofilia (López y col., 2016; Pfent et al., 2013; Williams et al., 2018) pero no se detecta un aumento de la enzima creatina kinasa debido a que la infiltración celular suele producir atrofia muscular pero no se suele observar necrosis de las células (Garner et al., 2007).
En general no se observa una buena respuesta al tratamiento y se termina en la eutanasia del animal, por lo cual la tasa de mortalidad es elevada (Garner et al., 2007; López y col., 2016; Pfent et al., 2013). El diagnóstico antemortem se podría realizar a través de una biopsia muscular (Garner et al., 2007; Pfent et al., 2013).
1
1031
Argentinean Division Interinstitutional Seminars
2022
180
CANINE
H&E
1
1032
Argentinean Division Interinstitutional Seminars
2022
180
CANINE
H&E
1
1033
Argentinean Division Interinstitutional Seminars
2022
181
FELINE
H&E
1
1034
Argentinean Division Interinstitutional Seminars
2022
183
BOVINE
Estomatitis proliferativa y necrotizante localmente extendida, severa, subaguda, con presencia de cuerpos de inclusión intracitoplasmáticos
Ternero de guachera, Holando Argentino. Cuentan que nació con lesiones en el rodete dentario, que no pudo alimentarse y fue eutanasiado.
H&E
La lesión es compatible con estomatitis papular bovina. El virus infeccioso se encuentra dentro de las células epiteliales lesionadas. Se disemina por contacto directo o fómites. La infección no confiere inmunidad. La mayoría de las infecciones son agudas y se resuelven en aproximadamente una semana. Es una enfermedad papular y necrotizante leve, de la cavidad oral, ocasionalmente afecta a el esófago y preestómagos. No forma vesículas. Más común en terneros jóvenes o adultos inmunodeprimidos; frecuentemente asociado con la administración deficiente de calostro. Por lo general, no es una infección clínicamente significativa, más si importante diferenciarla de fiebre aftosa. Es una zoonosis, produce pápulas en los dedos y los brazos de los humanos que pueden persistir durante varias semanas.
1
1035
NEVPC
2016
30
CANINE
Complex odontoma
3MO Labrador retreiver
Non-painful mandibular mass
H&E
NEVPC
1
1036
NEVPC
2016
31
CAPRINE
Intestinal adenocarcinoma
3YO Oberhasli doe
&-month history of hyorexia and progressive weight loss with premature delivery of a kid
H&E
NEVPC
1
1037
NEVPC
2016
32
CANINE
Pulmonary acanthamoebiasis
3YO male csatrate West Highland White terrier
Several day history of abnormal mentation and progressive dyspnea with a 3-month history of cyclosporin administration
H&E
NEVPC
1
1038
NEVPC
2015
1
CANINE
CVAs with hydrocephalus ex vacuo
18YO mixed breed dog
History of periodic abnormal mentation, vocalization and right-sided twisting of the body
H&E
NEVPC
1
1039
NEVPC
2015
2
ALPACA
Adult female alpaca
Neurologic signs and recumbent. Died that day
H&E
Parelaphastrongylus tenuis
NEVPC
1
1040
NEVPC
2015
3
CANINE
7MO male mixed breed
Neurologic signs with altered mentation, nsyagmus, abnormal head and neck posture
Se recibe muestra de piel y tejido subcutáneo de región escapular izquierda de un canino adulto, macho, mestizo. El paciente presenta piodermia profunda severa, sin respuesta a tratamiento con antibioticoterapia (cefalexina, amoxicilina más ácido clabulánico, clindamicina y enrofloxacina).
El paciente es hipotiroideo, tiene enfermedad hepática crónica y cursó con Ehrlichia canis.
Luego de la observación microscópica inicial, se consulta al Médico Veterinario actuante. El mismo relata que los tutores explican que las lesiones actuales difieren de las iniciales (de 3 a 4 meses de antigüedad). En este periodo, el paciente presentó, dos convulsiones y recibió un anticonvulsivante, desconociendo los tutores nombre de la droga y dosis suministrada. El animal falleció 7 horas después de la toma de la muestra para histopatología.
H&E
Los hallazgos descriptos y la historia clínica orientan a una reacción a drogas entre las causas posibles. Se sugiere controlar evolución y según criterio clínico repetir la muestra.
Se recibe muestra de piel y tejido subcutáneo de región escapular izquierda de un canino adulto, macho, mestizo. El paciente presenta piodermia profunda severa, sin respuesta a tratamiento con antibioticoterapia (cefalexina, amoxicilina más ácido clabulánico, clindamicina y enrofloxacina).
El paciente es hipotiroideo, tiene enfermedad hepática crónica y cursó con Ehrlichia canis.
Luego de la observación microscópica inicial, se consulta al Médico Veterinario actuante. El mismo relata que los tutores explican que las lesiones actuales difieren de las iniciales (de 3 a 4 meses de antigüedad). En este periodo, el paciente presentó, dos convulsiones y recibió un anticonvulsivante, desconociendo los tutores nombre de la droga y dosis suministrada. El animal falleció 7 horas después de la toma de la muestra para histopatología.
H&E
Los hallazgos descriptos y la historia clínica orientan a una reacción a drogas entre las causas posibles. Se sugiere controlar evolución y según criterio clínico repetir la muestra.
1
1044
NEVPC
2015
4
CANINE
Liver: Intravascular lymphoma
7YO spayed female mastiff
Hemoabdomen, tachycardia, tachypnea
H&E
NEVPC
1
1045
NEVPC
2015
5
SNAKE
Granulomatous stomatitis and boid inclusion disease
4YO make red tailed boa
Anoexia, epaxial muscle atrophy with a soft tissue mass of the cranial cervical region
H&E
NEVPC
1
1046
NEVPC
2015
6
NHP - TAMARIN
Hepatic osteodystrophy
8YO female Golden lion tamarin
Six year history of hyperbilirubinemia - died during immobilization for physical examination
Nonepidermolytic ichthyosis with secondary dermatophytosis
1.5-year-old, 3.15 kg, male, Indian origin rhesus macaque
Erythema of the face, hands, and feet
H&E
Southcentral Division
1
2659
AAVLD
2023
10
CANINE
Phenobarbital-induced pancytopenia
3.5YO dog
Treated with phenobarbital for epilepsy. Deeloped lethargy, fever, hyporexia, pancytopenia, severe proteinuria and positive ANA titer.
H&E
AAVLD
1
2660
AAVLD
2023
11
CANINE
Cutaneous meningioma
9YO M Belgian Malinois
Firm irregularly shaped mass ont he right eyebrow.
H&E
AAVLD
1
2662
AAZV
2023
17
SNAKE
Atherosclerosis and cholesterol granuloma
13YM Great Basin gopher snake
Hypercholesterolemia, twisting of the head caudally, star-gazing behaviour, abnormal defensive display, head tilt, and abnormal body rolling
H&E
AAZV
1
2663
ACVP
2023
4
FELINE
18 month old female cat
Masses seen in uterus on ovariohysterectomy
H&E
Rob Foster
1
2668
ACVP
2023
1
UNKNOWN
7 year old, DSH, male cat
Presented for weight loss, azotaemia and renomegaly. Histo sample obtained by nephrectomy of the right kidney
H&E
Palmeri
1
2669
ACVP
2023
2
UNKNOWN
10 year old, male intact German shepherd
Presented with prostatomegaly. First biopsy inconclusive so prostatectomy and histopathology were performed (presence of metastases to inguinal lymph nodes).
H&E
Amorim
1
2670
ACVP
2023
3
EQUINE
30 year old Thoroughbred mare
Presented for abdominal distention, depression, weakness and anorexia; 20 cm diameter mass associated with one ovary and extending to the cranial pelvis and prepubic region.
H&E
Grieco and Bienzle
1
2671
ACVP
2023
3
EQUINE
30 Year old Thoroughbred mare
Presented for abdominal distention, depression, weakness and anorexia; 20 cm diameter mass associated with one ovary and extending to the cranial pelvis and prepubic region. Sample via abdominocentesis.
H&E
Grieco and Bienzle
1
2672
ACVP
2023
3
EQUINE
30-year-old Thoroughbred mare
Presented for abdominal distention, depression, weakness and anorexia; 20 cm diameter mass associated with one ovary and extending to the cranial pelvis and prepubic region.
H&E
Grieco and Bienzle
1
2673
AAVLD
2023
1
EQUINE
Hepatic Campylobacter jejuni infection
3YO gelding.
1W history of w3ight loss and weakness then recumbency and death.
H&E
AAVLD
1
2674
Southcentral Division
2023
18
BOVINE
Fetal B-cell lymphoma
8-month-old Angus male bovine fetus8MO Angus abortus
Dam's health was unknown
H&E
Southcentral Division
1
2675
AAVLD
2023
2
FISH
Systemic myxozoan infection
Eleven golden shiners
Mortality event in a group of farm-raised golden shiners
H&E
AAVLD
1
2676
Southcentral Division
2023
1
FISH
Thyroid follicular cell hyperplasia
11MO Cichlid
Difficulty in maintaining buoyancy and increased respiratory frequency. Mass protruding from opercular chamber
H&E
Southcentral Division
1
2678
AAVLD
2023
4
PORCINE
Renal leptospirosis
Market age finisher pig
Kidney condemned at slaughter. Increased abortions on the source sow farm.
H&E
AAVLD
1
2679
AAVLD
2023
5
PORCINE
Diffuse alveolar damage, suppurative bronchopneumona , proliferative interstitial pneumonia. IHC positive for influenza and PCV-2
6WO 30lb. commercial mixed breed nursery ig
Widespread coughing unresponsive to therapy. Pigs are vaccinated with PRRSV MLV.
H&E
AAVLD
1
2680
AAVLD
2023
6
EQUINE
Eosinophilic colitis
4YO QH gelding
3D history of diarrhea
H&E
AAVLD
1
2681
AAVLD
2023
7
EQUINE
Chronic suspensory desmitis
11YO Warmblood stallion
1Y history of chronic suspensory desmitis of the left hind leg.
H&E
AAVLD
1
2682
AAVLD
2023
8
BOVINE
Systemi bovine adenovirus-6 and -10 infection
13MO Angus cow.
Died suddely, no premonitory signs
H&E
AAVLD
1
2683
AAVLD
2023
9
BOVINE
Bacillary hemoglobinuria
1YO Angus heifer
Found dead. Icteric with red urine and kidney discoloration
H&E
AAVLD
1
2684
AAVLD
2023
12
FELINE
Cytauxzoon felis
5YO M DSH
Died after sudden onset of rapid breathing
H&E
AAVLD
1
2685
AAVLD
2023
3
PORCINE
Mycoplasma hyorhinis meningoencephalitis
18-20WO commercial mixed breed pigs
Lameness, neuro signs starting as trembling and progressing to lateral recumbency. Mortality in the group was 16.5%.
H&E
AAVLD
1
2686
AAVLD
2023
13
PORCINE
Staphylococcus hyicus bronchopneumonia
One day old Berkshire piglet
Death due to respiratory signs
H&E
AAVLD
1
2687
AAVLD
2023
14
BOVINE
Perilla mint intoxication
2.5YO Angus heifer
Severe dyspnea
H&E
AAVLD
1
2688
AAVLD
2023
15
EQUINE
Placental aspergillosis
7M gestational age Polo pony fetus
Vulvar discharge from mare the week prior to abortion
H&E
AAVLD
1
2690
AAVLD
2023
16
DEER
Systemic phycomycosis
1YO red deer
Weight loss, neurologic deficits, limb edema, and pneumonia.
H&E
AAVLD
1
2691
SEVPAC
2023
19
CANINE
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor
5MO M mixed breed
Dyspnea and multiple slubcutaneous masses in the thoracic wall.
H&E
SEVPAC
1
2692
SEVPAC
2023
20
CANINE
Dysgerminoma
11YO F mixedbreed
Previous diagnosis of Cushing's disease. Ovarian enlargement
H&E
SEVPAC
1
2693
SEVPAC
2011
19
CANINE
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor
5MO M mixed breed
Dyspnea and infiltrative mass in the subcutis of the thorax
Unilateral expothalmos with mass protruding from right orbit.
H&E
SEVPAC
1
2737
SEVPAC
2011
57
CHICKEN
Necrotic enteritis
10W2D old chicken
Intestinal prolapse
H&E
SEVPAC
1
2738
SEVPAC
2011
58
AVIAN
Anasakiasis
Male juvenile greater shearwater
Found dead a day after being turned in to a rehabilitator
H&E
SEVPAC
1
2739
SEVPAC
2011
59
DEER
Onchocerca cervipedis
F 3.8YO white-tailed deer
Crusts on the inside of the ears
H&E
SEVPAC
1
2740
SEVPAC
2011
60
FELINE
Pyogranomatous dermatitis and panniculitis due to Nocardia kruczakiae
4YO F/S DSH
Ascites and mild dyspnea
H&E
SEVPAC
1
2742
SEVPAC
2011
62
CANINE
Ocular cryptococcois
4YO M mixed breed
Blind OD
H&E
SEVPAC
1
2743
SEVPAC
2011
61
CANINE
Distemper encephalitis with demyelination
12WO heeler cross pup
Greenish nasal discharge, cough
H&E
SEVPAC
1
2744
SEVPAC
2011
63
CANINE
Hypothyroidism with cardiac myxedema
4YO F/S Great Dane
PRogressive ataxia to coma and hypothermia
H&E
SEVPAC
1
2745
SEVPAC
2011
64
CANINE
Iridociliary adenocarcinoma
7YO F Yorkshire terrier
Buphthalmia and glaucoma resulting in enucleation
H&E
SEVPAC
1
2746
SEVPAC
2011
65
CANINE
Follicular dysplasia
5YO female hound
Non-pruritic symmetric partial alopecia of the trunk
H&E
SEVPAC
1
2747
SEVPAC
2011
66
BOVINE
Rift Valley fever
Near term Holstein fetus
Severe hepatic necrosis an fluid in abdominal cavity
H&E
SEVPAC
1
2748
SEVPAC
2011
67
BOVINE
Mannheimia hemolytica A1 encephalitis
5MO M/C Holstein calf
Weight loss, lethargy, ataxia, recumbency
H&E
SEVPAC
1
2749
Other
0
African pygmy hedgehog
TEST
TEST
H&E
AAVLD
1
2750
SEVPAC
2011
68
EQUINE
Anterior enteritis/duodenitis/proximal enteritis
13YO Andalusian gelding
Colic, abdominal effusion
H&E
SEVPAC
1
2751
SEVPAC
2011
69
EQUINE
Iron deficiency anemia
48 day old Arabian colt
Born 5 wek premature - signs of hypoxic ischic encephalopathy
H&E
SEVPAC
1
2753
SEVPAC
2011
71
FELINE
Nasal peripheral neve sheath tumor or paranasal meningioma
4YO F Siamese cat
15M history of dyspnea and mucopurulent nasal discharge. Mass was eventually detected.
H&E
SEVPAC
1
2754
SEVPAC
2011
70
BOVINE
Granulosa-thecal cell tumor
3.5MO Beefmaster heifer
Mass on right ovary/uterus
H&E
SEVPAC
1
2755
West Coast Round Robin
2022
1
BOVINE
Ureaplasma diverticulum
Third trimester aborted fetus.
63 cm crown to rump (third trimester), aborted bovine heifer fetus from an 11-year-old Angus cow. No placenta was available for examination
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2756
West Coast Round Robin
2022
2
BOVINE
As yet undiagnosed interstitial pneumona with BALT hyperplasia of fetal and neonatal calves
Neonatal Angus bull calf
Neonatal Angus bull calf found dead with marked autolysis and evidence of predation. Carcass and partial placenta submitted for abortion work-up
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2757
West Coast Round Robin
2022
3
CANINE
Adrenocortical insufficiency secondary to acute pancreatitis
12-year-old, female Yorkshire Terrier
2-3 day bout of vomiting and anorexia. The dog had reportedly gained access to cat food the day prior to the onset of clinical symptoms.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2758
West Coast Round Robin
2022
4
SNAKE
Ophidian arenavirus - inclusion body disease.
13-year-old, female boa
A new python was intoduced to the collection and all 13 snakes in the collection would die in 18 months - emaciated and star-gazing.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2759
West Coast Round Robin
2022
5
FELINE
Pleomorphic mast cell tumor
9-year-old, neutered male, domestic short hair cat
4-6 mm round, alopecic, smooth mass on the skin of the right ventrolateral abdomen.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2760
West Coast Round Robin
2022
6
IGUANA
Nannizziopsis sp.
Tissue from an adult (6 year-old) iguana.
There was brown thickening of the skin on the tail, with scale retention. When the scales were removed, ulceration was manifested.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2761
West Coast Round Robin
2022
7
CANINE
Cyniclomyces guttulatus
9YO dog
Recurrent vomiting
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2762
West Coast Round Robin
2022
8
CANINE
Amyloid-producing odontogenic tumor (APOT)
4-year-old female French bulldog.
Excised oral tumor arising from the mandibular gingiva
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2763
West Coast Round Robin
2022
9
FELINE
Aelurostrongylus abstrusus.
6-year-old male crossbreed cat.
Icteric and had splenomegaly, a yellow-brownish liver with rounded edges, and a portal lymph node increased in size
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2764
West Coast Round Robin
2022
10
RAT
Capillaria hepatica
Adult male rat
Found dead on street
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2765
West Coast Round Robin
2022
12
FELINE
Congenital pulmonary adenomatoid malformation (Stocker type II) with secondary pneumonia
6-week-old female domestic short-haired cat
Harsh lung sounds
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2766
West Coast Slide Conference
2022
0
BEAR
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor
Free-ranging adult male American black bear
An 8cm x 4.5cm x 3.5cm ovoid, firm, mottled beige, pale tan and tan, subcutaneous mass was present on the right cheek.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2770
West Coast Round Robin
2022
13
BEAR
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor
Adult male black bear
This free-ranging adult male American black bear was part of a hunter harvest. Gross findings: An 8cm x 4.5cm x 3.5cm ovoid, firm, mottled beige, pale tan and tan, subcutaneous mass was present on the right cheek.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2771
West Coast Round Robin
2022
14
CANINE
Adrenal necrosis with infarction
12-year-old, male neutered, Shetland Sheepdog
Controlled Cushing’s disease with trilostane , dietary indiscretion, and stress colitis. Went off meds while boarding
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2775
West Coast Round Robin
2022
15
SEAL
West Nile viral meningomyelitis and ganglioneuritis
30-year-old, intact female harbor seal
Head tremors for more than 6 months starting on May 2019. These head-tremors/bobbling a
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2776
West Coast Round Robin
2022
16
CANINE
Fat embolism syndrome
13 year old female spayed Norwich Terrier
Died in ER. There is a focal area of marked chronic-active pancreatitis with evidence of peritonitis and local steatitis.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2777
West Coast Round Robin
2022
26
NHP - OLIVE BABOON
Cardiomyopathy with replacement fibrosis
Adult male olive baboon
Pericardial effusion, stiff major arteries, right ventricle appears flabby
Many pale, multifocal to coalescing roundish nodules, between 2 and 4 mm in diameter were observed on the surface and deep in the parenchymal of both kidneys.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2779
West Coast Round Robin
2022
18
EQUINE
Renal Halicephalobus gingivalis infection
11-year-old Quarter Horse gelding
Euthanized after a 2-day history of fever, progressive ataxia, and recumbence. The animal was submitted for postmortem examination and diagnostic workup.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2780
West Coast Round Robin
2022
17
CAPRINE
Staphylococcal mastitis
A 3-year-old, Alpine goat.
A 3-year-old, Alpine goat that died with a 5-day history of fever, lethargy and trouble breathing and standing after giving birth.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2781
West Coast Round Robin
2022
11
CAPRINE
Squamous cell carcinoma
8-year-old Nigerian goat
There was an approximately 7 x 6 x 2 cm, soft to firm, multifocally friable, protuberant, ulcerated, hemorrhagic, black and white mass on the left side of the skull
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2784
West Coast Round Robin
2022
21
EQUINE
Clostridium difficile
Tissue from a five-vear-old Arabian mare.
Patient with 48-hour history of colic
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2785
West Coast Round Robin
2022
20
CAPRINE
Squamous cell carcinoma
8-year-old Nigerian goat
6-month history of mass on the forehead and weight loss
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2786
West Coast Round Robin
2022
22
FELINE
Thymoma-associated exfoliative dermatitis
S-year-old, male castrated, btack and white Domestic shorthair cat5YO Arabian mare
Approximately 80% of the skin is hairless.or sparsely haired with dozens of up to a cm oiamJter, depressed foci (ulcers and erosions) which are multifocally covered by black'scaly material
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2787
West Coast Round Robin
2022
23
FERRET
Hepatic hemangiosarcoma
5YO F/S ferret
Hemoabdomen
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2788
West Coast Round Robin
2022
24
EQUINE
Salmonella enterica serotype Hadar
11 DO Arabian filly
An Arabian filly presented to the veterinary teaching hospital at three days of age for diarrhea and failure of passive transfer of immunity.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2789
West Coast Round Robin
2022
25
EQUINE
Mcotoxicosis (fumonisin Bl )
22-vear-old mule
Patient lame for a week, stumbling, blind, went down, unable to get up, finally
euthanized
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2790
West Coast Round Robin
2020
1
FELINE
Francisella tularensis - tularemia
Cat
Owner performed this necropsy (oops!) Multifocally, throughout the spleen were 5-10 mm diameter, raised, firm, tan nodules.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2792
West Coast Round Robin
2020
2
FELINE
Exocrine pancreatic atrophy
Adult cat
Adult cat with history of chronic diarrhea, weight loss, and vomiting, along with recent UTI and progressive weakness and trembling
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2793
West Coast Round Robin
2020
3
CANINE
Brucella canis
Two adult stray dogs
One of two young adult stray dogs that were clinically diagnosed with orchitis on intake at a local animal shelter. This dog also had anterior uveitis.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2794
West Coast Round Robin
2020
4
EQUINE
Tyzzers's disease
Ten-day-old female Quarterhorse
became recumbent and died after being treated for diarrhea. Field autopsy notes described a possible pneumonia, as well as hemorrhage along the ventricles of the heart. The liver is the tissue of interest.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2795
West Coast Round Robin
2020
5
RING-TAILED LEMUR
Pulmonary Bordetella bronchiseptica and E. coli.
Two-week-old female Ringtail lemur
Found dead after three other neonatal lemurs from the same cohort died the previous week. Lung is the tissue of interest.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2796
West Coast Round Robin
2020
6
EQUINE
Rhodococcus equi osteomyelitis
14 week old Thoroughbred filly
Treated for respiratory disease for 6 weeks. She became acutely lame a couple of weeks ago and recently developed stifle effusion. Radiographs revealed a large lytic lesion on the medial condyle of the distal femur.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2797
West Coast Slide Conference
2020
7
EQUINE
Coccidiodes immits pneumonia and placentitis
Neonate TB foal
Mare went into labor, had a gestation of 296 days, a “Red bag” foal, presented with meconium on feet but heart beat was present
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2798
West Coast Round Robin
2020
7
EQUINE
Coccidioides immitis pneumonia
Neonatal TB foal
Mare went into labor, had a gestation of 296 days, a “Red bag” foal, presented with meconium on feet but heart beat was present.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2799
West Coast Round Robin
2020
8
EQUINE
Placental Coccidioides immitis infection
Neonatal TB foal
Mare went into labor, had a gestation of 296 days, a “Red bag” foal, presented with meconium on feet but heart beat was present.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2800
West Coast Round Robin
2020
9
EQUINE
Tracheal chondromalacia with collapse
8 year old Miniature horse
The horse was essentially normal with the exception of marked dorsoventral flattening of the trachea along nearly the entire length.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2801
West Coast Round Robin
2020
10
CHICKEN
Gout
3 year old Araucana
Found dead
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2802
West Coast Round Robin
2020
11
CHICKEN
Marek’s disease
9-week-old backyard chicken
The bird had a brief history of respiratory signs, periorbital swelling and nasal discharge
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2803
West Coast Round Robin
2020
12
DEER
Deer adenovirus
2.5 month old, male black-tailed deer
The fawn was found dead within 24 hrs of sudden onset of lethargy, inappetence and high fever. There was rectal bleeding prior to death
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2804
West Coast Round Robin
2020
13
AVIAN
Oral capillariasis
23-year-old male raven
Found dead following a two month history of stomatitis. The animal’s appetite and behavior were normal and he experienced no appreciable weight loss.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2806
West Coast Round Robin
2020
15
CAPRINE
Neospora caninum
Adult doe
Doe miscarried on day 97. No previous complications
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2807
West Coast Round Robin
2020
14
RACCOON
Canine distemper and Toxoplasma gondii
Juvenile raccoon
Weight loss, oculonasal discharge, dyspnea
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2808
West Coast Round Robin
2020
16
FOX
Colitis due to Spirocerca lupi
San Nicolas Island fox
San Nicolas Island fox struck by vehicle and submitted for necropsy.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2809
West Coast Round Robin
2021
1
OPOSSUM
Didelphostrongylus hayesi and Besnoitia darlingi
Adult female Virginia opossum
Adult female Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana) euthanized following a history of dyspnea, dull/depressed mentation, and attack by a dog.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2810
West Coast Round Robin
2021
2
ALPACA
Mucinous colonic adenocarcinoma
10-year old, male neutered alpaca
A 10-year old, male neutered alpaca was euthanized with a history of progressive weight loss and very poor body condition.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2811
West Coast Round Robin
2021
3
BISON
Nerium oleander
Two 18MO female bison
Died suddenly with extensive sub-endocardial hemorrhages in both ventricles and atria.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2812
West Coast Round Robin
2021
4
CHICKEN
Marek's disease
A backyard, young hen
A backyard, young hen was euthanized with a 3-month history of splay legs and paresis.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2813
West Coast Round Robin
2021
5
CHICKEN
Hepatic lipidosis
4-year-old hen
4-year-old hen with a history of being lethargic and ataxic over the past 3 days
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2814
West Coast Round Robin
2021
6
NHP - JAPANESE MACAQUE
Japanese macaque encephalitis
Juvenile female Japanese macaque
Presumed JME, right leg paresis, right arm paralysis, generalized ataxia, left muzzle paresis, and mild OD ptosis and miosis
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2816
West Coast Round Robin
2021
8
NHP - JAPANESE MACAQUE
Atherosclerosis
14 year old, male Japanese macaque
Fed a high fat diet. There is a history of elevated serum cholesterol and triglyceride. He was found deceased
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2817
West Coast Round Robin
2021
7
RHESUS MACAQUE
Ovarian steroidal tumor and uterine endometrial stromal decidualization
Aged, 20 year old, breeding colony-assigned female rhesus macaque had nine offspring by
vaginal delivery between 6/2004 and 5/2020.
Ovary was enlarged and measured ~ 1.9cm x 1.4 cm and weighed 1.71 g.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2819
West Coast Round Robin
2021
10
RHESUS MACAQUE
Simian adenovirus 23 and cytomegalovirus
Juvenile (1 year, 221 day old) female rhesus macaque
The pancreas is severely enlarged (27.1 g), firm, mottled red, white/tan with areas of dry tissue (necrosis)
A juvenile (1 year, 340 day old) female rhesus macaque, born at ONPRC
Animal received a single SHIV SF162P3 (SIV/HIV chimera passaged in rhesus macaques) challenge intravenously at start of study.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2821
West Coast Round Robin
2021
11
CANINE
XY, SRY+, testicular DSD with female phenotype.
One-year-old, female dog.
Os clitoris noted grossly. Bilateral inguinal masses within the abdominal cavity.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2823
West Coast Round Robin
2021
13
MOUSE
Cutaneous graft versus host
Transgenic research mice on protocol of whole-body irradiation, followed by a bone marrow transplant from a different strain of mouse.
There is widespread and confluent areas of alopecia and erythematous patches, erosions and elevated crusts with sloughing of the skin that extends from the head to the lumbar area of the body.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2824
West Coast Round Robin
2021
12
CANINE
Cardiac atherosclerosis
Anorexia, lethargy, diarrhea and died
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2825
West Coast Round Robin
2021
14
BOVINE
Hepatic and splenic Listeria monocytogenes infection
12-day-old mixed breed heifer beef calf
Calf was fine yesterday. Found dead today in the field.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2826
West Coast Round Robin
2021
15
BOVINE
Lead toxicosis
One-year-old Brown Charolais cross steer
In a period of three days, 4/25 animals were found dead without premonitory signs. Animals had access to a junkyard.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2827
West Coast Round Robin
2012
1
DUCK
Myocarditis due to Pasteurella multocida - fowl cholera
Duck
Duck with lethargy, emaciation and ataxia.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2828
West Coast Round Robin
2012
2
FELINE
Histoplasma capsulatum
Cat
Biopsy of mesenteric lymph nodes
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2829
West Coast Round Robin
2012
3
FERRET
Chordoma
Ferret
Mass removed from the proximal tail area of a ferret
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2830
West Coast Round Robin
2012
4
CANINE
Myocardial infection with Hepatozoon americanum
4 year old, male, neutered dachshund
Tissue from a 4 year old, male, neutered dachshund with a history of chronic weight loss.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2831
West Coast Round Robin
2012
5
BOVINE
4-ipomeanol (moldy sweet potato) toxicosis
4 year old, male, neutered dachshund
In mid-August of 2012, a cattle produce in rural Arkansas reported several cattle dying suddenly of unexplained causes.Tissue from a 4 year old, male, neutered dachshund with a history of chronic weight loss. In taking the history, the producer explained t
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2832
West Coast Round Robin
2012
6
CANINE
Splenic and hepatic hemophagocytic histiocytic sarcoma
Twelve-year-old, neutered male Golden Retriever
History of maxillary fibrosarcoma treated with radiation and palladia. Subsequently developed anorexia and anemia
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2833
West Coast Round Robin
2012
7
CANINE
Hemophagocytic histiocytic sacoma
Twelve-year-old, neutered male Golden Retriever
This twelve-year-old, neutered male Golden Retriever had a history of a maxillary fibrosarcoma that was treated with radiation and Palladia in February of 2011. In February of 2012, there was onset of inappetence and anemia (PCV 25%).
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2834
West Coast Round Robin
2012
8
CANINE
Gossypiboma with fibrosarcoma formation
5 year old spayed female German Shepherd d
Tissue from a 5 year old spayed female German Shepherd dog with progressive abdominal distention and recent deterioration.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2835
West Coast Round Robin
2012
9
CHICKEN
Vit A deficiency
6 month old chickens
Widespread chronic conjuctivitis in 6 months old chickens. Many with respiratory disease with labored breathing
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2836
West Coast Round Robin
2012
10
CANINE
Rhinosporidium seeberi
Four year old, neutered male Great Pyrenees
Rhinoscopy examination of the right nasal cavity shows a fleshy mass at the entrance to the right nasal passage that is attached to the mucosa of the lateral nasal wall
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2837
West Coast Round Robin
2012
11
BOVINE
Reactive angioendotheliomatosis
4-5 months old Angus-crossbred steer
Multiple dark red-black, 1mm diameter foci were visible on cut surfaces of the heart tissue.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2838
West Coast Round Robin
2012
12
CAPRINE
Congenital portosystemic shunt
3MO Boer kid
Intermittent neurologic signs including stargazing, circling, padding,head bobbing
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2839
West Coast Round Robin
2012
13
EQUINE
Choroid lymphoima
1YO QH gelding
High body temperature, abnormal lung sounds, blindness
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2841
West Coast Round Robin
2012
14
AVIAN
Systemic avian polyomacirus
3-4MO handraised caique
Poor weight gain, regurgitation
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2842
West Coast Round Robin
2012
15
CAPRINE
Small ruminant lentivirus encephalitis
2YO NIgerian dwarf goat
History of weight loss and neurologic symptoms
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2843
West Coast Round Robin
2012
16
PARROT
Adenoviral hepatitis and enteritis
3.5MO African grey parrot
HIstory of weight loss, vomiting, blood in feces.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2844
West Coast Round Robin
2013
1
BOVINE
Gongylonema pulchrum and esophageal fibromyxoma
Adult bovine
Presented for slaughter
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2845
West Coast Round Robin
2013
2
BOVINE
Metastatic pulmonary calcification
Adult bovine
Presented for slaughter
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2846
West Coast Round Robin
2013
3
OPOSSUM
Pulmonary Capillaria infection
Adult opossum
Sacrificed as a result of a wildlife tuberculosis study
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2847
West Coast Round Robin
2013
4
LLAMA
Parelaphestrongylus tenuis
Adult llama
Neurological signs
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2848
West Coast Round Robin
2013
5
BOVINE
Presumptive pulmonary infection with Actinobacillus lignieresi
Adult bovine
Presented for slaughter
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2849
West Coast Round Robin
2013
6
TURKEY
Aspergillus fumigatus myelitis
Ten 2-week-old tom turkeys
Gross examination revealed all birds on their sides and unable to walk.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2850
West Coast Round Robin
2013
7
BOVINE
Infectious bovine pustlar vulvovaginitis
First calf heifer
Pustules on innerr vulvar lip.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2851
West Coast Round Robin
2013
8
TURKEY
Turkey viral hepatitis - avian picornavirus
32DO turkey poults from a 15,000 bird flock.
Diarrhea, llistlessness, mild respiratory signs and increased mortality.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2852
West Coast Round Robin
2013
9
DEER
Disseminated Nocardia brasiliensis
6YO F reindeer
Right front foot problem and runny nose
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2854
West Coast Round Robin
2013
10
BOVINE
Granulomatous peritonitis due to Mycobacterium bovis
Adult cow
Submitted for TB surveillance
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2855
West Coast Round Robin
2013
11
OVINE
White muscle disease - nutritional myopathy
4MO F lamb
Stiffness of the hind legs and hunched back, became reluctant to stand and developed respiratory signs
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2856
West Coast Round Robin
2013
12
BOVINE
Chondrodysplastic dwarfism
Abortus from a dwarf Highland cow:
Dysproportionate dwarfism
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2857
West Coast Round Robin
2013
13
CHICKEN
Spotty liver disease - miliary hepatitis
Mature red hens in full lay
Increased mortality seen in a free range flock of mature layer hens.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2858
West Coast Round Robin
2013
14
FISH
Lymphoma
Farm-raised Murray cod
Cream white nodules protruding from under the gill operculum in market weight fish.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2859
West Coast Round Robin
2013
15
AVIAN
Splenic infection with Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
Adult rufous whistler
Died after several months of wasting
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2864
West Coast Round Robin
2013
16
CANINE
Dermal filariasis
3YO Dachshund
Lump on shoulder
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2867
West Coast Round Robin
2013
17
ANTELOPE
Intestinal coccidiosis and lungworms
Adult impala
EAmaciated and died during capture
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2868
West Coast Round Robin
2013
18
HYRAX
Systemic toxoplasmosis
Variably aged rock hyrax
Outbreak in free-rage animals
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2872
Other
0
EQUINE
H&E
1
2875
Other
0
EQUINE
H&E
1
2878
Argentinean Division Interinstitutional Seminars
2023
197
FELINE
H&E
1
2880
Argentinean Division Interinstitutional Seminars
2023
0
H&E
Seminarios Interinstitucionales de Histopatología (Argentina)
1
2882
West Coast Round Robin
2024
1
OVINE
Small ruminant lentivirus
3YO Dorper sheep
Found dead with no premonitory signs
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2884
West Coast Round Robin
2024
3
BISON
Yersinia enterocolitica
8-year-old, American bison
Clinical history of stiff joints and emaciation
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2885
West Coast Round Robin
2024
4
EQUINE
Idiopathic ileal muscular hypertrophy
20-year-old, Quarter Horse mare
Clinical history of weight loss (~500#), and inappetence after the 3rd vaccine of Pneumobort at 9 months gestation. The mare foaled 6 weeks prior to presentation to the NDSU VDL.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2886
West Coast Round Robin
2024
2
CANINE
Chemodectoma
A 5-year-old, male, intact Boston Terrier
History of heart failure for 1 month
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2888
West Coast Round Robin
2024
6
MACAW
Necrotizing hepatitis due to Chlamydia sp.
Juvenile male macaw
History of mite infestation, loss of appetite and intermittent diarrhea starting ~4 days before death.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2889
West Coast Round Robin
2024
7
BOVINE
Nutritional myopathy - white muscle disease
1 month-old Texas Longhorn calf
Died suddenly with areas of pallor in thigh muscles
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2890
West Coast Round Robin
2024
8
FISH
Dermatitis due to Tetrahymena species
Guppy
Over 70% of the fish have died. Fish treated with salt and formalin, but no overall health improvement noted.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2891
West Coast Round Robin
2024
9
EQUINE
Eosinophilic colitis
4-year-old Quarter Horse gelding
Died after three day illness
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2892
West Coast Round Robin
2024
5
CANINE
Hepatic canine adenovirus-1
Juvenile male crossbred dog.
Dumped on side of road. Seizuring, poor health. Euthanized
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2893
West Coast Round Robin
2024
10
FELINE
Alpha mannosidosis
4MO kitten
The animal presented neurologic signs (head tremors and nystagmus), without response to treatment.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2894
West Coast Round Robin
2024
11
CANINE
Eucoleus boehmi
11YO dog
The animal presented bilateral mucus nasal discharge, sneezing and tachypnea.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2895
West Coast Round Robin
2024
12
FELINE
Dermatofibroma
Adult, male, Siamese cat.
Skin tumor on head
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2896
West Coast Round Robin
2024
13
CANINE
Alopecia areata
Eight-year-old male Jack Russell Terrier
Multifocal areas of well-circumscribed alopecia in the face, non-pruritic and hyperpigmented.
History of approximately 16 other aborted calves in third trimester within the month of >500 head herd.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2898
West Coast Round Robin
2024
15
EQUINE
Pyrollizzidine alkaloid toxicosis
13YOu Saddlebred gelding
History of acute respiratory distress with one other horse on the property that died one week prior.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2899
West Coast Round Robin
2024
16
CANINE
Malignant mesenchymal cardiac tumor
5-year-old male Labrador Retriever
Submitted to necropsy with no history.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2900
West Coast Round Robin
2024
17
EQUINE
Nutritional myopathy
2-day-old female, Gypsy Vanner foal
Showing lethargy and standing difficulty 24 hours after the birth with severe hyperkalemia, hypercarotenemia, muscular enzyme increase, and pigmenturia, followed by death.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2901
West Coast Round Robin
2024
18
PORCINE
Brachyspira hyodysenterriae - swine dysentery
Tissue from a 6 year old Duroc sow
Expected to furrow this week. Ag teacher had no heart beat per ultrasound on piglets and was found dead the next day.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2905
West Coast Round Robin
2024
22
CANINE
Splenic hemangiomatosis
Adult female German Shepherd dog
Depression and anorexia for a few weeks. The hemogram revealed moderate anemia. The abdominal ultrasound revealed a mildly enlarged spleen with small vascular-like cavities.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2906
West Coast Round Robin
2024
23
CANINE
Canine lobular orbital adenoma
13-year-old female spayed Maltese mixed dog
History of a mass in the eyelid. A very friable irregular mass removed at surgery. The veterinarian is concerned about surgical margins and possible behavior of the mass.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2907
West Coast Round Robin
2024
24
EQUINE
Cystic adenomatous hyperplasia of the allantois
Placenta from a 17-year-old mare.
Cystic pocket in the placenta
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2908
West Coast Round Robin
2024
25
EQUINE
Equine giant cell tumor of soft parts
Adult female Tennessee walking horse
History of a mass behind the right shoulder.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2909
West Coast Round Robin
2024
26
CANINE
Ovotestis and testis with paired mesonephric and paramesonephric ducts
Two-year-old female Cocker Spaniel dog
The reproductive tract was submitted whole and included paired gonads resembling testes and a vestigial paired tubular tract resembling uterine horns.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2910
West Coast Round Robin
2024
27
Deer
Cutaneous demdicosis
Adult, male intact (buck) deer
Was hit by a car. The buck had severe alopecia all over the body.
Scrotal gas gangrene - Clostridium perfringens and Paeniclostridium sordellii
1-year-old mixed breed ram
A day after castration, the wether showed fever, tachycardia and respiratory distress.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2913
West Coast Round Robin
2024
30
CHICKEN
Humeral air sac adenocarcinoma
12-year-old backyard hen
5MO history of tumor on left week
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2914
West Coast Round Robin
2024
19
CHICKEN
Interstitial nephritis due to avian coronavirus (infectious bronchitis virus)
Blue jersey, backyard chicken, female
Found dead
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2915
West Coast Round Robin
2024
20
BOVINE
Anaplasma marginale
A 13 years old Angus cow
Treated for grass tetany and died the next day.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2916
West Coast Round Robin
2024
21
BOVINE
Abortion due to bovine herpesvirus-1
Holstein dairy cow fetus
Dam was 192 days pregnant.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2917
West Coast Round Robin
2020
17
ANTELOPE
Aspiration pneumonia
6-year-old, female, captive black duiker
Prolonged history of cheek abscesses died overnight, 48h after a surgical procedure that included anesthesia.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2918
West Coast Round Robin
2020
18
PORCINE
Salmonella Group B serotype 4,[5],12:i
Three 3-month-old feeder Hampshire cross pigs
Being fed waste food products from a close restaurant, died on 3 consecutive days.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2919
West Coast Round Robin
2020
19
Bobcat
Notoedres cati
Adult, female, wild bobcat
Was found dead with skin lesions and a history of localized movements recorded by telemetry 1-2 days prior to death.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2920
West Coast Round Robin
2020
20
EQUINE
Actinobacillus equuli nephritis
1-year-old thoroughbred colt
History of acute onset of fever and neurologic signs.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2921
West Coast Round Robin
2020
21
RACCOON
Klebsiella pneumoniae septicemia
Juvenile male raccoon
Had been in care for 4.5 months with no health abnormalities observed until it was found dead one morning
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2924
West Coast Round Robin
2020
23
RHESUS MACAQUE
Simian parvovirus
7 year-old male rhesus macaque
The animal was infected with SIV five months prior to necropsy and developed non-regenerative anemia.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2925
West Coast Round Robin
2020
22
RHESUS MACAQUE
Cryptococcus gattii
14 year-old female rhesus macaque
Inoculated with SIVmac 5 months prior
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2926
West Coast Round Robin
2020
24
RHESUS MACAQUE
Buprenorphine SR injection site reaction
7YO Male rhesus macaque
Presented for multiple episodes of trauma while in social housing, multiple administrations of Buprenorphine SR, and swelling and a soft unencapsulated mass noted in the scapular region. Biopsy submitted for examination.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2928
West Coast Round Robin
2020
25
RHESUS MACAQUE
Alopecia areata
Outdoor, group-housed, 4-year-old intact male rhesus macaque
Alopecia in multiple sites
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2929
West Coast Round Robin
2020
26
RHESUS MACAQUE
CLCN-2 related leukoencephalopathy
Juvenile (1 year, 332 day old) female rhesus macaque
Seizure and hand tremors, repeated short periods of severe hand and arm tremors; generalized seizure followed 30 minutes of fine tremors and restlessness.
5 day history of vomiting, inappetence, and listlessness following treatment with Trilostane
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2932
West Coast Round Robin
2013
21
EQUINE
Anaplastic equine melanoma
Quarter horse mare, 9 years old, palomino coat color
A mass that looked like melanoma occurred on the underside of the tail and grew to golf ball size within 6 months.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2933
West Coast Round Robin
2013
22
FISH
Aeromonas septicemia with fluke infection
Koi, 9 years old
Began to appear slimy with lifting of scales and visibly adherent algae.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2934
West Coast Round Robin
2013
23
ALPACA
Gastric squamous cell carcinoma
Alpaca, female, 15 years old
One month history of weight loss with decreased appetite and an increased time spent kushing.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2935
West Coast Round Robin
2012
17
BOVINE
Halicephalobus gingivalis
3YO Angus cow
Head-pressing, blind, ataxia, vertigo, nystagmus, strabismus, wobbly, orbit around Mars
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2936
West Coast Round Robin
2012
18
BOVINE
Iatrogenic RB51 Brucella abortus abortion
A herd of pregnant cattle
Vaccinated with RB51 Brucella abortus
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2937
West Coast Round Robin
2012
19
CANINE
Keloidal fibroma
8 year old castrated sheltie
Mass on tail
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2938
West Coast Round Robin
2012
20
CANINE
Canine dysautonomia
A spayed ranch dog
Developed vomiting, crusty nose, flaccid intestines and loss of tone in anal sphincter.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2939
West Coast Round Robin
2012
21
CANINE
Canine distemper
Adult pit bull-type bitch
Nasal discharge
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2940
West Coast Round Robin
2013
24
CANINE
Granulomatous meningoencephalitis (GME)
8YO M Labrador retriever
Both eyes contained evidence of uveitis, with the left being quite severe with corneal edema, ulceration, and apparent near rupture of the globe
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2941
West Coast Round Robin
2013
25
BOVINE
Rabies
1.8 year-old Beefmaster cow
Neurologic signs before death
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2942
West Coast Round Robin
2013
26
CANINE
Prototheca enteritis
German Shepherd dog
No history - tissues submitted in formalin
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2943
West Coast Round Robin
2013
27
CHICKEN
Enterococcus hirae
Eight 10-day old live and dead chicks
Eight 10-day old live and dead chicks were present with 3 having femoral head necrosis and 2 having retained yolk remnants.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2944
West Coast Round Robin
2013
28
CANINE
Cutaneous changes associated with hyperadrenocorticism
Schnauzer
Schnauzer with nasal discharge and seizures.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2945
West Coast Round Robin
2013
29
EQUINE
Rhodococcus equi osteomyelitis
4MO Quarterhorse foal
History of acute hind end paralysis. The foal had started spiking fevers at three months of age, had inflammatory blood work and enlarged hilar lymph nodes
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2946
West Coast Round Robin
2013
30
ALPACA
Chlamydial enteritis
3-year-old alpaca
Losing weight for 6 months since she gave birth. She has had periodic bouts of diarrhea without fever.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2947
West Coast Round Robin
2013
31
PORCINE
Necrotizing encephalitis and vasculitis due to PCV-2
10WO pig
High temperature, respiratory distress, poor hair coat, weight loss and hind leg incoordination. Necropsy findings include: lymphadenopathy
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2948
West Coast Round Robin
2013
32
EQUINE
Yellow star thistle (Centraurea solstitialis)
2YO TB filly
Extremely thin with difficulty in swallowing and moving her lips and tongue
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2949
West Coast Round Robin
2013
33
BOVINE
Mycoplasma bovis encephalitis
Holstein calves
Outbreak of sudden onset of neurologic signs and weakness in Holstein calves in a farm resulted in the death of six calves.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2950
West Coast Round Robin
2012
22
BOVINE
Rabies
1.8 year-old Beefmaster cow
Had neurologic signs before death. We received the body on a Monday during Christmas holiday.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2952
West Coast Round Robin
2012
23
CANINE
Protothecal enteritis
German Shepherd dog
Formalin fixed tissues submitted.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2953
West Coast Round Robin
2012
24
CHICKEN
Enterococcus hirae
Eight 10-day old live and dead chicks were present with 3 having femoral head necrosis and 2 having retained yolk remnants.
Eight 10-day old live and dead chicks were present with 3 having femoral head necrosis and 2 having retained yolk remnants.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2954
West Coast Round Robin
2012
25
CANINE
Cutaneous endocrinopathy due to hyperadrenocorticism
Schnauzer
Nasal discharge and seizures
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2955
West Coast Round Robin
2012
26
EQUINE
Rhodococcus equi osteomyelitis
4-month-old male Quarter Horse
Acute hind end paralysis. The foal had started spiking fevers at three months of age, had inflammatory blood work and enlarged hilar lymph nodes with
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2956
West Coast Round Robin
2012
27
ALPACA
Chlamydial enteritis
3-year-old alpaca
Losing weight for 6 months since she gave birth. She has had periodic bouts of diarrhea without fever.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2957
West Coast Round Robin
2012
28
PORCINE
Porcine circovirus-2
Ten-week-old pig
High temperature, respiratory distress, poor hair coat, weight loss and hind leg incoordination. Necropsy findings include: lymphadenopathy.
H&E
West Coast Vet Path Conference
1
2958
West Coast Round Robin
2012
29
EQUINE
NIgropallidal encephalomalacia
2 year old Thoroughbred filly
Found abandoned on a game preserve and taken to an animal sanctuary. She was extremely thin with difficulty in swallowing and moving her lips and tongue.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2959
West Coast Round Robin
2012
30
BOVINE
Meningoencephalitis in the cerebellum due to Mycoplasma bovis
Outbreak of sudden onset of neurologic signs and weakness in Holstein calves in a farm resulted in the death of six calves
Outbreak of sudden onset of neurologic signs and weakness in Holstein calves in a farm resulted in the death of six calves
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2960
West Coast Round Robin
2013
34
CANINE
Clostridium perfringens type D (likely now Type G)
Three of 4 dogs in a household in Wyoming
Aabrupt-onset hemorrhagic diarrhea with vomiting. Two died and one recovered
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2961
West Coast Round Robin
2013
35
FELINE
Feline infectious peritonitis
An elderly cat who owned a veterinarian
Developed neurological symptoms.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2963
West Coast Round Robin
2013
37
BEAR
Trichinella sp.
Adult black bear
A black bear and a hunter got into it. The bear lost. Samples were taken.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2964
West Coast Round Robin
2013
38
OVINE
Campylobacter jejuni placentitis
A flock of Targhee Rambouillet ewes
Stillbirths (~10%). Ewes did not show any other clinical signs.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2965
West Coast Round Robin
2013
39
LLAMA
Esophageal tunica muscularis denervation atrophy
Adult male Ccara llama
Ill-defined weight loss. Megaesophagus was diagnosed at a local veterinary teaching hospital.
H&E
West Coast Vet Path Conference
1
2970
West Coast Round Robin
2020
27
BOVINE
Rabies
37-day-old male calf.
Scours and colic per owner. Hypothermic, exhibited ear twitching, nystagmus, undifferentiated neurologic signs
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2971
West Coast Round Robin
2020
29
OVINE
Eimeria gilruthi abomasitis
1-year-old ram
2 to 3 days of scours, and a 4 day history of anorexia and hyperdipsia. The producer noted that the lamb often used a provided salt lick.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2972
West Coast Round Robin
2020
28
EQUINE
Equine herpesvirus-1 pneumonia
Stillborn foal
Presented for necropsy
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2973
West Coast Round Robin
2020
30
BOVINE
Actinomyces bovis
Seven YO Holstein bull
Ulcerated mass from the face of a bull.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2975
West Coast Round Robin
2020
31
CHICKEN
Inclusion body hepatitis (Avian adenovirus)
27-day-old broiler chicken
Increased mortality, bad legs, possible hepatitis, some E coli.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2976
Vet-LIRN
2024
1
BOVINE
Polioencephalomalacia
A herd of 80 head of crossbred Angus cow-calf pairs experienced multiple calf deaths in the last week. The herd is fed native grass and creep feed. There is one big pond that shrunk by about 50% over the last month as well as a seasonal creek that is dry.
The calf in question was in a small group of trees with no other animals around. The calf could not seem to find its way out of the trees and ran into several of them. The calf appeared to be ataxic, the owner saw the calf lay down, start to seize, and die
H&E
Vet-LIRN
1
2977
West Coast Round Robin
2011
1
DEER
Epizootic hemorrhagic disease
A pen-raised white tail deer
Submitted with excessive salivation and bleeding from the mouth. There were tongue and mouth pad lesions with about one-half of the middle portion of the dorsal tongue being ulcerated with abrupt margins
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2978
West Coast Round Robin
2011
2
FELINE
Feline sarcoid (fibropapilloma)
Cat
Mass on the front foot of a cat
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2979
West Coast Round Robin
2011
3
AVIAN
Finch poxvirus and Mycoplasma gallisepticum
House finch
Some wild birds in northern Ark. have crusty closed eyes. The one submitted was a female house finch with diffuse swelling of the infraorbital sinuses (apparently) around the eyes.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2980
West Coast Round Robin
2011
4
AVIAN
Eustrongylides ignotus
Great blue heron
Tissues from an emaciated wild great blue heron found dead. There was a vague fibrous mass on the surface of the proventriculus and gizzard and the loops of intestine were separate.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2981
West Coast Round Robin
2011
5
BOVINE
Proliferative interstitial pneumonia
5-month-old Charolais heifer
Found dead
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2982
West Coast Round Robin
2012
31
CANINE
Necrotizing fasciitis due to Streptococcus group G/Streptococcus canis
5 year old, neutered female Doberman
Suspected seroma over the withers area. Two days later the dog was returned to the clinician with pyrexia and toxaemia, but despite intensive fluid and antimicrobial therapy the dog died
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2983
West Coast Round Robin
2012
32
EQUINE
Histoplasma capsulatum
Adult Boerperd mare
Multiple conjunctival nodules with peri-ocular swelling, submandibular lymphnode enlargement and purulent exudates exuding from a few draining tracts above the eye
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2984
West Coast Round Robin
2012
33
GIRAFFE
Malignant catarrhal fever
Adult female Giraffe
Found dead
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2985
West Coast Round Robin
2012
34
CANINE
Cutaneous protothecosis
8 year old, spayed, female Pug
Crusty and exudative facial fold lesions with nasal planum depigmentation. The pinnae show lichenification and erythema with severe crusting. Severe
interdigital erythema with surface ulceration.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2986
West Coast Round Robin
2012
35
BOVINE
Dermatophilus congolensis
Range beef cattle in northern Angola
Severe crusting skin lesions involving the distal limbs of both fore and hind legs in particular
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2987
West Coast Round Robin
2011
6
PORCINE
Fluoride toxicosis
300 sow farrow to finish piggery
Anorexia, polydipsia and polyuria followed by severe emaciation during lactation
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2988
West Coast Round Robin
2011
7
LION
Sarcoid like masses documented on the lips and forehead of young male lions which were kept in semi-captivity
Young male lions
H&E
Feline fibropapilloma (sarcoid)
West Coast Round Robin
1
2989
West Coast Round Robin
2021
8
CHEETAH
Bacillus anthracis facial edema/anthrax
Eight cheetahs at a rehabilitation center.
Severe facial and neck oedema, cellulitis and septicaemia with death within 2 days
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2990
West Coast Round Robin
2011
9
OVINE
Pulmonary adenocarcinoma/jaagsiekte
Adult sheep
Adult sheep dying of pneumonia like symptoms. Formalin-fixed tissues submitted for examination.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2991
West Coast Round Robin
2011
10
BOVINE
Cerebral babesiosis
Dairy heifer
Treated for babesiosis 2 days previously. Febrile with, blood in rectum, died the following day.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2992
West Coast Round Robin
2011
8
CHEETAH
Bacillus anthracis/anthrax
Eight cheetahs at a rehab facility
The clinical syndrome was that of an acute onset systemic disease with animals developing severe facial and neck edema, cellulitis and septicemia with death within 2 days.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2993
West Coast Round Robin
2011
12
CANINE
Coronary arterial hyalinosis/arteriosclerosis
Intact 7 year old German shepherd bitch
Joyful, an intact 7 year old German shepherd bitch, was playing with her owner when she dropped dead. The bitch’s dam died under similar circumstances when 9 years old.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2994
West Coast Round Robin
2011
11
CANINE
Oslerus osleri
2 year old 33 lb working Border collie
Coughed chronically for six months. It responded transiently to amoxicillin and trimeprazine/prednisolone. Clinical signs recurred at the end of each course of treatment.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2995
West Coast Round Robin
2011
13
PHEASANT
Egg yolk peritonitis
Well-managed pheasant-raising operations run by the Wyoming Game and Fish Department experienced losses in May 2011. Birds were raised in outdoor pens with 2 inch mesh
Clinical signs in adult birds followed a 3 week course of weight loss, with lethargy, inactivity, emaciation, a 25% drop in egg production, clear conjunctival discharge, and swollen perinasal sinuses.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2996
West Coast Round Robin
2011
13
PHEASANT
Egg yolk peritonitis
One of two large well-managed pheasant-raising operations run by the Wyoming Game and Fish Department
Clinical signs in adult birds followed a 3 week course of weight loss, with lethargy, inactivity, emaciation, a 25% drop in egg production, clear conjunctival discharge, and swollen perinasal sinuses. Diarrhea was not a feature
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2997
West Coast Round Robin
2011
14
CANINE
Sinonasal polyposis
Standard poodle
Recurrent epistaxis
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2998
West Coast Round Robin
2011
15
EQUINE
Iatrogenic lipid pneumonia, etiology intubation with mineral oil
5 year old Quarter Horse mare
Displayed clinical signs of colic at 9 a.m. on a Sunday. The mare was intubated by the trainer and treated with mineral oil and developed severe signs of respiratory distress and bloat.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
2999
West Coast Round Robin
2011
16
EQUINE
EHV-1; neuropathogenic type
7 year old Warmblood gelding
Fever (105 F), depression and was treated symptomatically. The following day the horse was severely ataxic, recumbent, thrashing and had urine incontinence
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
3000
West Coast Round Robin
2011
17
EQUINE
Actinobacillus equuli enteritis
36h old foal
Acute diarrhea, dehydration and weakness
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
3001
West Coast Round Robin
2011
18
CAPRINE
Clostridium perfringens type C enteritis
Anglo Nubian goat kid
Was inoculated with C. perfringens type C
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
3002
West Coast Round Robin
2011
19
SQUIRREL
Notoedres dermatitis
Adult gray squirrel
History of lethargy, difficulty moving, unresponsiveness and extensive skin lesions.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
3003
West Coast Round Robin
2011
20
COYOTE
Pulmonary arteritis to Dirofilaria immitis
Adult male coyote
Found dead
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
3005
West Coast Round Robin
2011
22
FELINE
Pulmonary influenza
2-year-old, female spayed domestic medium hair cat
Thoracic radiographs showed an alveolar/interstitial pattern consistent with pneumonia. The cat did not respond to treatment with antibiotics, and deteriorated rapidly.
Severe seizuring and sudden death. The animal had a prior history of waxing and waning lumbar spinal pain with hindlimb paresis and urinary incontinence.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
3007
West Coast Round Robin
2011
24
ALPACA
Suspect cerebrovascular accident
Aged (> 12 years) alpaca.
Sudden onset of ataxia, “twisted” and circling to the left, and standing against walls for support. Clinical signs progressed to difficulty prehending feed and left sided facial “seizure-like” activity
There is a two day history of this animal stumbling around a home-owner’s yard with its head down.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
3012
Noah
2024
2
ALLIGATOR
Ocular Rounds - juvenile alligator
Juvenile Alligator
H&E
LANGOHR
1
3013
Noah
2024
1
FELINE
Ocular Rounds Case 1
Adult DSH
H&E
LANGOHR
1
3014
NEVPC
2024
1
INSECT
Parasitism by braconid wasp Cotesia congregata
Fifth instar tobacco hornworm
The tobacco hornworm was removed from a pepper plant it had been eating. It performed one defensive strike and then went limp.
H&E
NEVPC
1
3015
NEVPC
2024
2
EQUINE
Burkholderia pseudomallei
8-year-old gelding American quarter-horse
This patient presented with a left retropharyngeal abscess, a well-circumscribed 20x10x18 cm round soft tissue mass caudal to the ramus of the mandible.
H&E
NEVPC
1
3018
NEVPC
2024
3
NHP - GUINEA BABOON
Cutaenous pitted keratolysis
2-year-old male intact Guinea Baboon (Papio papio)
Multifocal-coalescing areas of discolored pale-tan skin with numerous cavitations over the ischial callosity, plantar feet, and palmar hands
H&E
NEVPC
1
3019
NEVPC
2024
4
NHP - RHESUS
Uterine choriocarcinoma
3-year and 3-month-old, captive, rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta)
This animal was a breeder female rhesus macaque that was part of an established social group. During a routine health exam in May 2023, a small caudal abdominal mass was palpated.
H&E
NEVPC
1
3021
NEVPC
2024
5
BEAR
Poliomeningoencephalitis due to influenza A genotype 3
4-cm-diameter, cutaneous and subcutaneous, spherical, firm, slightly mobile, ulcerated, rapidly enlarging mass in the left abdominal region
H&E
NEVPC
1
3024
NEVPC
2024
8
PENGUIN
Avian malaria
18-year-old African penguin (Spheniscus demersus)
Found deceased
H&E
NEVPC
1
3025
NEVPC
2024
9
BETTA
Uveal iridophoroma
Adult betta
The fish was listing to the left while swimming, and the right eye was buphthalmic. Upon clinical examination, a mass effect was visible within the right pupil; enucleation of the right eye
H&E
NEVPC
1
3026
NEVPC
2024
10
BETTA
Kidney: Nephroblastoma
Adult betta
Animal was sacrificed due to a uveal iridophoroma. This was incidentally found at autopsy.
H&E
NEVPC
1
3027
NEVPC
2024
11
EMU
Eastern equine encephalitis
10-year-old, male Emu, Dromaius novaehollandiae
Acute lethargy and abnormal behavior of 24 to 48 hours duration. Female emu cagemate died of similar signs approximately one week ago
1-year-old, male intact, bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps)
1-month history of lethargy and anorexia. Blood work showed hyperglycemia, moderate leukocytosis, and mild anemia. Ultrasound showed a large hepatic mass as well as two smaller abnormal structures cranial to the testes.
H&E
NEVPC
1
3030
NEVPC
2024
12
BALD EAGLE
Grounded and unable to fly. On intake exam, the patient had a mild full body tremor with occasional abnormal vocalizations.
Adult female bald eagle
Grounded and unable to fly. On intake exam, the patient had a mild full body tremor with occasional abnormal vocalizations.
H&E
NEVPC
1
3031
NEVPC
2024
14
CANINE
Canine ocular gliovascular syndrome
5-year-old female spayed Labrador retriever
Glaucoma, Secondary, chronic; Cataract, immature
H&E
NEVPC
1
3032
NEVPC
2024
15
FOX
Metabolic bone disease - fibrous osteodystrophy
Grey fox kits
Multiple long bone fractures in two kits
H&E
NEVPC
1
3033
NEVPC
2024
16
RACCOON
Francisella tularensis
Adult male free-ranging raccoon
Displaying abnormal neurologic behavior, including snarling, biting repetitively, and persistently twitching. The raccoon was dispatched via gunshot to the thorax
Presented dead for autopsy. The collection has a history of serpentovirus, reptarenavirus, Actinomyces spp. and snake mites.History of
H&E
NEVPC
1
3037
NEVPC
2024
19
DEER
Bullwinkle deer/Manheimia granulomatis
3.5-year-old male white-tailed deer
Enlarged muzzle in 2019 and noted that the size of the muzzle increased over time (i.e., as the deer went from spike to 6 point to 8 point). In October 2021, the deer appeared to be primarily breathing out of its mouth
H&E
NEVPC
1
3038
NEVPC
2024
22
CHEETAH
Sacral osteosarcoma
10-year-old male intact Cheetah
Having trouble getting up from laying down, and walking with a low tail carriage/letting his tail drag. On February 28th 2024, the patient was noted to be dribbling urine while laying down and seeming uncomfortable.
H&E
NEVPC
1
3039
NEVPC
2024
23
BEARDED DRAGON
Sertoli cell tumor
9-year and 8-month-old, male, intact bearded dragon
Presented for weight loss, and decreased appetite. It also had a past history of pulmonary infection. Ultrasound revealed pericardial and coelomic effusion, as well as a large coelomic mass.
H&E
NEVPC
1
3040
NEVPC
2024
24
ABALONE
Margolisiella haliotis
Juvenile red abalone (Haliotis rufescens)
This animal was one of 50 purchased from an abalone distributor. The animal was housed in an exhibit at an aquarium. It was found upside down and deceased during morning rounds.
H&E
NEVPC
1
3041
NEVPC
2024
25
SQUIRREL
Toxoplasma gondii uveitis, chorioretinitis, optic neuritis, and meningoencephalitis
The patient had a large oral mass occluding 90% of the airways and caudal oral cavity. The patient was unable to close her mouth fully, and the owner reported she was lethargic at home and unable to eat due to the mass.
A parent-raised chick was found dead on the ground outside of the nest without any premonitory signs. The carcass was covered by ants. The weather conditions on the day before were reported to be very hot.
H&E
NEVPC
1
3045
NEVPC
2024
28
SLOTH
Soft tissue mineralization
4-year-old captive two-toed sloth
Acute unilateral conjunctivitis. Physical examination at that time was considered normal; however, the sloth was found dead two days later with no observed premonitory signs of illness.
This bird presented for sudden lethargy and died spontaneously during physical exam. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation efforts were unsuccessful.
H&E
NEVPC
1
3047
NEVPC
2024
29
ISOPOD
Giant deep-sea isopod (Bathynomus giganteus)
This animal was increasingly flipped over for several weeks prior to death. The animal was found dead.
H&E
NEVPC
1
3049
NEVPC
2024
30
TURKEY
Lymphoproliferative disease
Juvenile female Eastern wild turkey
A juvenile hen was found dead after a rocket net capture of 18 birds for a research project. No obvious signs of trauma were noted on brief external examination of the bird prior to submission for full necropsy.
H&E
NEVPC
1
3050
NEVPC
2024
32
MINK
Pneumonic hepatozoonosis and metastrongylosis
Adult male free-ranging American mink
This animal was seen by the public lying in a field and not moving. It was easily captured by a State Game Warden and was euthanized.
H&E
NEVPC
1
3051
NEVPC
2024
33
BULLFROG
Mycobacterium chelonae
8-year-old, male intact, African Bullfrog
A pedunculated mass was removed from the left elbow in March 2023 and was diagnosed as calcinosis circumpscripta. Over time, it developed intermittent bloating, lysis of radius and ulna and fluid at corners of mouth without a wound.
H&E
NEVPC
1
3052
NEVPC
2024
31
RACCOON
Sarcoptes scabei and distemper
Juvenile female raccoon
A juvenile, female raccoon was dispatched by the USDA Wildlife Services on site of the Pittsburgh International Airport. The raccoon had unusual skin lesions on the back of her head, neck and ears.
It was noted to have oral lesions and was moved to an indoor enclosure with other clutch mates. It died approximately one month later
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3058
SEVPAC
2024
25
RACCOON
Heterobilharzia americana
Adult male raccoon (Procyon lotor)
The raccoon was found at a zoological facility wandering aimlessly with reduced fear of people. Animal was euthanized and submitted for necropsy primarily due to rabies concern.
Multifocal circular, full thickness skin ulcerations were noted in 3 out of 14 salamanders. Ulcers were present over the forelimbs bilaterally, the left flank, right proximal hindlimb, and ventral cervical area
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3062
SEVPAC
2024
26
TORTOISE
Hepatic intranuclear coccidiosis
1-month-old Indian Star tortoise (Geochelone elegans)
Open-mouth breathing and soaking in the water dish. Tortoise was dull with increased respiratory effort for three days
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3064
SEVPAC
2024
29
FELINE
Systemic Toxoplasma gondii infection
12 year spayed female domestic shorthair cat
Persistent hyperthermia, open-mouthed, shallow breathing, and died spontaneously on 11/1/2023 after becoming “comatose.”
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3065
SEVPAC
2024
28
BOVINE
Streptococcus ruminantium
3-week-old Holstein calf
Moderately swollen right carpus and grade 4/5 lameness. The calf was not treated prior to euthanasia
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3066
SEVPAC
2024
30
BOVINE
Rete ovarii dysplasia
Mixed commercial Bos taurus x Bos indicus (Brangus) cow approximately 8 years old
Open cow assessed via ultrasound to have a decreased number of anechoic follicular structures and a hyperechoic ovarian stroma was culled for infertility and tissues were collected at the processing plant
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3067
SEVPAC
2024
31
SNAKE
Novel picornavirus
Six juvenile captive colubrid snakes
Flaccid paralysis and head and body twitching.
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3068
SEVPAC
2024
32
OYSTER
Perkinsus marinus
1 year old, Adult, Triploid, Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea virginica)
A group of 15 Oysters from Indian Pass Lagoon in Gulf County, FL was submitted for routine disease screening.
The patient exhibited acute severe neurological signs including star gazing, rolling over, inappetence, inability to strike, and tremors.
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3070
SEVPAC
2024
34
CORAL
Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease (SCTLD)
Orbicella faveolata (formerly Montastraea faveolata), a stony coral located in the Kristin Jacobs Coral Reef Ecosystem Conservation Area.
The colony showed signs of tissue death and loss consistent with the field definition of stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) in 2018, with a cumulative total loss of approximately 60% of live tissue coverage by July of 2021.
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3071
SEVPAC
2024
35
ALLIGATOR
Fungal pneumonia due to Beauveria bassiana
8-year-old, American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis
A captive, albino American alligator presented emergently with agonal breathing after a 24-hour history of severe lethargy and minimal responsiveness
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3072
SEVPAC
2024
36
CRAYFISH
White Spot Syndrome Virus
Juvenile female blue crayfish (Procambarus alleni)JUmale blue crayfish (Procambarus alleni)
16/20 blue crayfish inported from Thailand died during quarantine
Thin body condition and had generalized icterus. The duodenum at the level of the duodenal papilla was firm and thickened with the intestinal wall measuring up to 0.5 cm with a region of mucosal ulceration
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3074
SEVPAC
2024
38
CLOUDED LEOPARD
Canine distemper
9-year-old, male intact, clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa)
The patient had a history of progressive ascending neurologic signs for 7 days including progressive ataxia and seizures.
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3075
SEVPAC
2024
41
LLAMA
Duodenal adenocarcinoma
10 years old Llama (Lama glama)
Anorexia and lethargy, which ultimately culminated in her demise withing a few days of symptom onset.
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3076
SEVPAC
2024
60
CANINE
Hepatic Paecilomyces variotti infection
7-year-old, neutered male, Labrador Retriever
Progressive lethargy, inappetence, difficulty breathing, and neurologic signs. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a right-sided multinodularity in the liver.
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3077
SEVPAC
2024
61
PARROT
Chlamydia psittaci
8-year-old, male, Puerto Rican amazon
The parrot had been found weak by the submitters, placed on oxygen, and it later died.
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3078
SEVPAC
2024
62
ANTELOPE
Listeria monocytogenes septicemia
3-year-old, female, blackbuck antelope
2-day history of progressive clinical decline which was refractory to veterinary intervention and culminated in demise. Clinical signs included vulval discharge and restlessness with straining, the latter resembling signs of labor.
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3079
NEVPC
2024
34
KOI
Soft tissue sarcoma
10-year-old, koi fish (Cyprinus rubrofuscus)
Red area on the dorsum of the fish near the dorsal fin for several weeks prior to presentation. On examination, the lesions grossly had a proliferative appearance with cyst-like structures filled with serosanguinous fluid.
H&E
NEVPC
1
3080
NEVPC
2024
35
DEER
Bullwinkle moose/Manheimia granulomatis
Adult female white-tailed deer
The deer was found dead in October 2022 with an arrow wound in the chest (unrecovered harvest). Upon recovery by a Pennsylvania Game Commission warden, the deer was observed to have a swollen muzzle.
H&E
NEVPC
1
3081
NEVPC
2024
36
AVIAN
Systemic amyloidosis secondary to chronic pododermatitis
4-year-old male intact Sanderling (Calidris alba)
Severe pododermatitis and osteomyelitis. Treated for 9 months, survived 2 years, and eventually found dead with no premonitory signs.
H&E
NEVPC
1
3082
NEVPC
2024
37
BETTA
Malignant iridophoroma
Adult female Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens)
Slow growing mass cranial to the cranial aspect of the dorsal fin. The mass started as a small white nodule, which progressed slowly over several months. Clinical signs were absent until the mass became large enough to affect buoyancy and swimming.
Lymphocytosis. In March 2022, animal had a distended abdomen and decreased appetite. Diagnostic exam on 31 March 2022 found hepatomegaly, elevated AST (1518), leukocytosis with lymphocytosis and monocytosis.
H&E
NEVPC
1
3084
SEVPAC
2024
63
FELINE
Leukencephalitis due to Cryptococcus neoformans
5-year-old, FS, DSH, feline
Sudden onset intracranial disease (falling, ataxic, circling), progressing to blindness and hearing loss.
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3085
SEVPAC
2024
64
FISH
Fusarium verticilloides
Spotted eagle ray (A. narinari), aquarium-housed, juvenile, female
wild-caught spotted eagle ray (A. narinari) that was found dead following a 3-month period of failure to thrive while in quarantine where it had been receiving supportive care and treatment for copepods.
Cohort of Springer’s damselfish (Chrysiptera springeri) within a public aquarium previously experienced high mortalities and responded to oxalinic acid treatment. This fish was found deceased following the treatment period.
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3087
SEVPAC
2024
66
OPOSSUM
Opossum herpesvirus
4 months-old unspecified sex Opossum
Young opossum died at zoo located in Minnesota. No other history relayed.None given
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3088
SEVPAC
2024
68
CANINE
Hepatic carcinoma with bidirectional differentiation (biliary and hepatocellular)
5.5-year-old, female spayed Goldendoodle
7.8-8.0 cm diameter mass lesion associated with the left medial liver lobe
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3089
SEVPAC
2024
69
SNAKE
Kiricephalus coarctatus
4-year-old female northern water snake
A 4-year-old female northern water snake presented for acute onset bleeding from the mouth
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3090
SEVPAC
2024
70
CANINE
Adenocarcinoma, with widespread metastases, including carcinomatosis
13-year-old, male neutered, German Shepherd mix dog
Lethargy, inappetence, and recent inability to walk. Blood work performed by his referring veterinarian about 2 weeks prior to presentation
revealed increased liver enzymes. Radiographs performed at that time showed hepatomegaly.
H&E
1
3091
SEVPAC
2024
71
FISH
Splenic nocardiosis
Square spot anthias
The patient died during the quarantine period shortly after transport and arrival at a public aquarium.
This individual was found minimally responsive and was presented to the hospital for euthanasia. No righting reflex or gilling was present
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3093
SEVPAC
2024
1
SKUNK
Aleutian Disease
Six and a half-year-old male skunk
This skunk and another one sharing premises died in a 3-day period. This one was found dead on the premises without showing previous significant clinical signs
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3094
SEVPAC
2024
2
FISH
Branchial Decacotyle floridana infection
4 year old, male, eagle ray (Aetobatus ocellatus)
This ray was one of three being held in quarantine while being treated for Decacotyle sp. monogeneans on the gills.4 year old, male, eagle ray (Aetobatus ocellatus)
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3095
SEVPAC
2024
3
SEAHORSE
Mycobacterium chelonae and M. haemophilum, cutaneous scuticocilatosis
The seahorse was found deceased while in quarantine holding prior to being introduced into a public display aquarium system
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3096
SEVPAC
2024
4
CANINE
Canine adenovirus-1
5 month old male intact Treeing Walker Hound
Acute lethargy and depression, mild anemia, moderate elevation in ALT, mild hypoalbuminemia, mild hyperphosphatemia, and severe thrombocytopenia
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3097
SEVPAC
2024
5
BOVINE
Protozoal encephalomyelitis due to Neospora caninum
12-day-old Hereford bull calf
Difficulty ambulating and hind-end incoordination since birth. Severe hindlimb ataxia. Proprioception and withdrawal reflexes were intact in all four limbs.
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3098
SEVPAC
2024
6
CAPRINE
Contagious ecthyma
55-day-old male intact Boer caprine
Lameness affecting the left forelimb and right hindlimb with ulcerated lesions on all four limbs as well as the muzzle/chin, mouth, tail, chest, flanks, ventrum, and prepuce
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3099
SEVPAC
2024
7
ALPACA
Ocular toxoplasmosis
Approximately 2-month-old intact female alpaca cria
Chronic eye issues. Bilateral hypopyon was noted, and she had an intact palpebral response but absent menace and dazzle. Rupture of the left eye was suspected
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3100
SEVPAC
2024
8
EQUINE
Renal adenocarcinoma, papillary type
20-year-old Quarter Horse gelding
The patient presented to the Mississippi State College of Veterinary Medicine Equine Department for elective euthanasia given quality of life, where the owners noted the horse was not eating at home.
H&E
1
3101
SEVPAC
2024
9
CANINE
Synovial fluid - Blastomyces dermatitidis
5-year-old male intact Deutsch-Drahthaar
Ataxia, and dyspnea. According to the owner, the dog had difficulty standing, showed signs of polyuria and polydipsia, was mentally inappropriate with a "glazed look", and had unilateral epistaxis
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3102
SEVPAC
2024
10
CANINE
Kidney: Extraskeletal osteosaroma
11-year-old male neutered German Shepherd
Left peritoneal mass noted by the rDVM. He also had a three-week history of inappetance and subsequent 15-pound weight loss, promptly followed by a markedly distended abdomen and 7-pound weight gain.
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3103
SEVPAC
2024
11
CANINE
Pulmonary paragonimiasis
6-year-old male intact Treeing Walker Coonhound
Lethargy, anorexia, moderate leukocytosis (18.15 10^3/?l) and mild thrombocythemia (501 10^3/?l), and a serum chemistry revealed severe azotemia, marked hyperphosphatemia, moderate hypoalbuminemia and hypoglycemia, and mild hyperkalemia.
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3104
SEVPAC
2024
12
CANINE
Chylous effusion
3-year-old female spayed miniature Dachshund
Dullness and increased respiratory rate and effort. The patient had a 3-week history of coughing which initially improved with doxycycline and meloxicam
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3105
SEVPAC
2024
73
CANINE
Peripheral nerve histiocytic sarcoma
Labrador Retriever mix, Female spayed, 8 years old
1.5 cm x 0.7 cm contrast enhancing nodule in the left axilla, dorsal to the right brachial artery and ventrolateral to the left transverse process of C6 (region corresponding to brachial plexus).
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3106
SEVPAC
2024
67
CANINE
Blastomyces dermatidis encephalitis
1-year-old castrated male mixed breed dog.
4-week history of weight loss and acute vomiting. Two days later, the dog was unable to walk and had left-sided vestibular signs, absent facial sensation on the right side, hypersalivation, and hypertension
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3107
SEVPAC
2024
22
FELINE
Crescentic glomerulonephritis
13-year-old spayed female Cornish Rex cat
Acute death with no premonitory signs
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3108
SEVPAC
2024
18
BEARDED DRAGON
Articular gout with granulomatous arthritis and osteomyelitis
Adult intact male bearded dragon
One-year history of multifocal osteomyelitis
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3109
SEVPAC
2024
19
TORTOISE
Entamoeba invadens
11-year-old, zoo-housed male Home’s hinge-back tortoise (Kinixys homeana)
The tortoise was found dead without premonitory signs.
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3110
SEVPAC
2024
20
BEAR
Subventricular rupture as a sequela to hydrocephalus
Juvenile female North American black bear
Acute onset of agitation and blindness. Physical examination findings included a dome-shaped head, circling to the right, and blindness;
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3111
SEVPAC
2024
21
CANINE
Canine distemper
3-month-old intact female Giant Schnauzer
The patient was recently shipped across the country, and developed a mild cough and seizures, followed by dull mentation and myoclonic twitching,. Radiographs showed unusual metaphyseal sclerosis in the proximal humeri and interstitial pattern in lungs.
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3112
SEVPAC
2024
14
CANINE
Splenic hemangiomatosis
Adult female German shepherd dog
Jistory of depression and anorexia for a few weeks. The hemogram revealed moderate anemia. The abdominal ultrasound revealed a mildly enlarged spleen withsmall vascular-like cavities. Splenectomy was performed.
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3113
SEVPAC
2024
15
California Sea Lion
Leptospirosis
12YO female California sea lion
Presented with hematuria and anorexia. She was administered antibiotics and fluid therapy. She initially responded to therapy but was found deceased.
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3114
SEVPAC
2024
16
FELINE
Mammary fibroadenomatous
hyperplasia
8 month old, male, intact, domestic long haired ca
Both chains of mammary tissue had been increasing in size with glands ranging from 0.6 cm to 1.4 cm in diameter. At scheduled neuter appointment, both testes palpated within normal limits.
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3115
SEVPAC
2024
17
LYNX
Virulent systemic feline calicivirus (VS-FCV)
8-week-old intact male Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx)
Aute weakness, respiratory distress. Previous history included treatment by the referring veterinarian six days prior for inappetence. On physical exam, there was hypothermia with a temperature of 97.7 F, bilateral crackles within the lungs
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3116
SEVPAC
2024
56
OVINE
Copper Toxicosis
1 year old, male, mixed breed sheep
Yellow foam from mouth and icterus of eyes. The sheep presented in lateral recumbency with tremors, paddling behavior, and irregular breathing on examination.
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3117
SEVPAC
2024
57
CANINE
Corneal hemangiosarcoma
11.5-year-old, spayed female, Siberian Husky dog
This dog had a 6-year history of untreated pannus. The left eye was enucleated and submitted for histopathologic examination.
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3118
SEVPAC
2024
58
CANINE
Undifferentiated nasal carcinoma with leptomeningeal carcinomatosis
7 year old castrated male Standard Poodle
History of mental inappropriateness, generalized seizures, ataxia, and nasal discharge. Physical exam revealed poor menace response and poor direct and consensual PLRs OU, hypertension (189/109 (127) mm Hg), mild ataxia in all limbs, weak gag reflex.
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3119
SEVPAC
2024
59
CANINE
Adenomatous hyperplasia of the bile duct and gallbladder mucocele
14-year-old, spayed female Beagle
Vomiting and elevated liver enzymes which had progressed over several days
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3120
SEVPAC
2024
55
FELINE
Leukemic lymphoma
4-year-old male castrated domestic shorthair cat
Mass was 3.5cm x 3.6cm firm, subcutaneous and located on the left side of neck
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3121
SEVPAC
2024
39
EQUINE
Equine Parvovirus, Equine hepacivirus
Equine, Thoroughbred, Neutered Male, 9-year-old.q
A 9-year-old Thoroughbred gelding presented with a history of anemia and anorexia and was subsequently euthanized.
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3122
SEVPAC
2024
40
CANINE
Nasal cryptococcosis/Cryptococcus neoformans
German Shorthair Pointer, female, spayed
Month-long history of waxing and waning lethargy and obtunded mentation.
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3123
SEVPAC
2024
42
FELINE
Proliferative necrotizing otitis externa (PNOE) of kittens
The pinnae and external ear canals were profoundly erythematous with crusts, multiple papules, and thin, light-yellow exudate.
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3124
SEVPAC
2024
43
CANINE
Canine uveodermatologic syndrome
4-year-old, castrated male, Rottweiler dog.
Bilateral absence of functional vision with absent menace response and absent light reflexes. Bilateral ocular discomfort, ocular discharge with blepharospasm, mild bilateral buphthalmia with normalized intraocular pressure and severe panuveitis.
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3125
SEVPAC
2024
44
PORCINE
Granulomatous myelitis due to Mycobacterium avium
3-year-old, intact female, mixed breed pig.
Ataxia, incoordination, circling to the right, and pain.
Male external genitalia and a palpable right testicular mass. An abdominal ultrasound revealed two large blind-ended tubular structures extending bilaterally from ventral to the kidneys to the inguinal canals and terminating in the scrotum.
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3129
SEVPAC
2024
47
CANINE
Ductal plate malformation
11-month-old, female, Cardigan Welsh Corgi.
Irregular microhepatica, a small portal vein, renomegaly, and multiple portosystemic shunts (MAPSS). The gallbladder could not clearly be identified.
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3130
SEVPAC
2024
49
OWL
Retinal atrophy with reactive gliosis
Adult, unspecified sex, barred owl (Strix varia).
Trauma with fracture of the right femur, intraocular hemorrhage (OU), anemia, and dehydration dating October 2023. Reported ophthalmic findings of the right eye (OD) included uveitis, retinal detachment, immature posterior cataract, blindness.
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3131
SEVPAC
2024
50
DUCK
Egg yolk peritonitis
1.5-year-old, female, Buff Orrington duck
Swollen fluid-filled ventral coelom area that has been present for one week of duration
15-year-old, spayed female, Golden Retriever mix dog
1-week history of fever, profound lethargy, and restlessness.
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3133
SEVPAC
2024
54
CANINE
Metastatic Liposarcoma
4.5-year-old, male neutered Siberian Husky
Liver mass identified on abdominal ultrasound. Fine-needle-aspirate of the liver mass was performed for cytologic examination.
Wright Giemsa
SEVPAC
1
3134
SEVPAC
2024
52
CANINE
CD4- CD8- T-cell leukemia
4-year-old, male neutered Golden Retriever
The mucous membranes were mildly icteric with mild bleeding noted at the gingival margin. Multiple petechiae were noted on the ventral abdomen. The
right axillary lymph node was mildly enlarged.
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3135
SEVPAC
2024
53
BOVINE
Rabies
1.5-year-old, male, Corriente, bovine
This bull vocalized excessively for 2 days, became aggressive, and died during an attempt to restrain. A rabid skunk was reported to be killed on the same property
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3136
SEVPAC
2024
51
CANINE
Hepatoid adenocarcinoma arising from a hepatoid adenoma.
8-year-old, intact male, Pitbull terrier
The patient presented with an ulcerated mass in the perianal area.
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3138
NEVPC
2024
39
BEE
American foulbrood
Honeybee hive
Frames of bees were brought in from other hives to strengthen the #2 weak hive. No biosecurity plan was implemented.
H&E
NEVPC
1
3141
West Coast Slide Conference
2024
2
HAMSTER
Peri-pancreatic connective tissue and associated adipose tissue: Leiomyosarcoma (presumed)
The animal was injected subcutaneously with a passaged Siberian hamster tumor cell line derived from the mammary tumor of an animal induced with N-Methyl-N-Nitrosourea (NMU).
H&E
West Coast Vet Path Conference
1
3142
West Coast Slide Conference
2024
1
HAMSTER
Atypical fibroma
Approximately two-year-old, male, intact, Siberian hamster
This animal did not have any history of previous disease, was clinically silent, and was experimentally naive.
Male red-eared slider turtle, estimated 6-12 years of age based upon carapace length.
A diagnostic necropsy of two RES that died in 2015 in the same facility revealed the presence of blood fluke larvated eggs in tissues.
H&E
West Coast Vet Path Conference
1
3144
West Coast Slide Conference
2024
4
RAT
Mononuclear cell leukemia and bilaterial interstitial cell tumors
Aged Fischer 344 rat (about 24 month of age)
Two rats were found hunched, slow moving, and dehydrated. They showed increased respiratory
effort. The RP noted that he was having a high mortality rate among his rats and mice
H&E
West Coast Vet Path Conference
1
3145
West Coast Slide Conference
2024
5
RABBIT
Intestinal lymphoma with intussusception
Female New Zealand White (NZW) rabbit, age unknown
This animal presented with hyporexia. The hyporexia resolved but the patient deteriorated. Fecal output was decreased. GI stasis and bowel obstruction were suspected.
H&E
West Coast Vet Path Conference
1
3146
West Coast Slide Conference
2024
6
MOUSE
Severe diffuse glomerulopathy/glomerulonephritis with synechia formation, tubular dilation and intralumenal protein casts
One-year-old, male, nude mouse
This mouse had surgery five months earlier, involving the placement of a hydrogel transplant under the renal capsule. The surgery and subsequent recovery was without complications. The animal was found dead with significant anasarca.
H&E
West Coast Vet Path Conference
1
3147
West Coast Slide Conference
2024
7
MOUSE
Dorsum and lumbar vertebrae: Malignant teratoma
Male mouse submitted and reported as genotype “tetO/ROSA26-rtTA”, unknown age.
This mouse arrived at the facility and 15 days later presented with a 1.3-1.6cm in diameter mass on the caudal dorsum. At recheck 11 days after initial presentation, the mass was roughly 3 cm in diameter
H&E
West Coast Vet Path Conference
1
3148
West Coast Slide Conference
2024
8
MOUSE
Toxoplasma gondii peritonitis
Swiss Webster female mouse, age unknown
This animal is part of a cohort of animals used to maintain the RH strain of Toxoplasma gondii. The protozoa harvested were used for developing protozoal diagnostic tests.
H&E
West Coast Vet Path Conference
1
3149
West Coast Slide Conference
2024
9
FELINE
Feline eosinophilic granuloma complex
8-year-old, male castrated, domestic shorthair cat.
sublingual mass that was causing excessive ptyalism with some blood-tinged saliva. He has a history of cutaneous eosinophilicgranulomas and was worked up by Dermatology including extensive allergy testing, bacterial and fungal cultures.
H&E
West Coast Vet Path Conference
1
3150
West Coast Slide Conference
2024
10
PORCINE
Nasal cavity, left; Basosquamous carcinoma
10-year-old, male, Vietnamese pot-bellied pig
At 2 years, the left muzzle developed a swelling, and a CT scan showed a large, expansile, destructive, nasal mass with obstructive sinusitis, consistent with malignant neoplasia.
Progressive cystic lesion in the maxilla ventral to the infraorbital foramen. Previously, an oral lesion was surgically removed by
the referring veterinarian, which was reported histologically as fibroplasia consistent with a nasal polyp.
H&E
West Coast Vet Path Conference
1
3152
West Coast Slide Conference
2024
13
FISH
Phoma herbarum
3-month-old Chinook salmon fry
A fish hatchery had been experiencing high losses in its raceways for two months, with 0.2%-0.8% losses in the worst affected raceway. The affected young
salmon had fluid distending the coelomic cavity and exophthalmos (“popeye”).
Eleven-year-old, female, spayed, golden retriever dog
This dog was presented to a veterinary clinic for left and unilateral submandibular swelling. Physical examination and a complete blood count revealed pyrexia and leukopenia. A fine needle aspirate of the mass yielded purulent, green-tinged fluid.
H&E
West Coast Vet Path Conference
1
3154
West Coast Slide Conference
2024
15
FELINE
Fibrous osteodystrophy
15-year-old, female spayed domestic short haired cat
2-month history of weight loss, despite a ravenous appetite, and urinating outside of the litterbox. The two days prior to presentation, the owners
reported that the cat had progressed to anorexia, not drinking, lethargy, and no bowel movements.
H&E
West Coast Vet Path Conference
1
3155
West Coast Slide Conference
2024
16
FELINE
Maxillary angiomatosis
4-year-old, female, spayed, domestic medium hair cat
Facial swelling with marked maxillar bone remodeling. Contrast CT on 03/07/2024 revealed a very large proliferative lesion of the right maxilla extending from right maxillary canine to the orbit and zygomatic arch.
H&E
1
3156
West Coast Slide Conference
2024
17
PORCINE
Odontogenic inflammatory cysts.
One-year-old, female, Kunekune pig
On the right and left side of the face, approximately 5 cm ventral to the base of the ears, were swollen areas ~ 3 cm x 3 cm x 1 cm. On the skin over these swollen areas there were 0.5 cm diameter ulcers that connected to fistulas.
H&E
West Coast Vet Path Conference
1
3157
West Coast Slide Conference
2024
18
EQUINE
Tendinitis due to Serratia odorifera
Five-year-old, thoroughbred mare
Infected curb bursa (abscessed and necrotizing wound) on the left hind leg unable to heal.
H&E
West Coast Vet Path Conference
1
3158
West Coast Slide Conference
2024
19
NHP - RHESUS
Macacine herpesvirus 1 (McHV-1), B virus
4-month-old female rhesus macaque
Acute, severe, hemorrhagic colitis. The cause of death was severe necrotizing hemorrhagic and ulcerative enterocolitis of unknown etiology. At necropsy, an ulcer was noted on the dorsal surface of the tongue.
H&E
West Coast Vet Path Conference
1
3159
West Coast Slide Conference
2024
20
FISH
White sturgeon iridovirus (WSIV).
3-month-old white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus)
Affected fish were lethargic, anorexic, and laying on the bottom of the tank. Fish were unresponsive to treatments with salt, hydrogen peroxide, and medicated feed.
H&E
West Coast Vet Path Conference
1
3160
West Coast Slide Conference
2024
21
CANINE
Masticatory muscle myositis
4-year-old, female, spayed, rottweiler
Conjunctival hyperemia, periocular swelling, and inability to open her mouth. On physical examination, the conjunctival hyperemia was worse in the right eye, there was increased resistance to retropulsion of the eyes bilaterally.
H&E
West Coast Vet Path Conference
1
3161
West Coast Slide Conference
2024
22
CANINE
Pemphigus vulgaris
Nine-year-old, male, castrated Labrador retriever
Ulcerative lesions throughout oral cavity (lingual, sublingual, hard palate, soft palate, buccal mucosa, mucocutaneous junction) and esophagus, with more severe ulceration orad than aborad.
H&E
West Coast Vet Path Conference
1
3162
West Coast Slide Conference
2024
23
CANINE
Jaw-associated proliferative fibroosseous lesion
8-year-old, female, spayed, pitbull terrier dog
Right rostral mandibular gingival mass with mul4ple incomplete excisions and rapid regrowth following initial biopsy. On CT, the mass was ly4c and expansile with no evidence of metastasis.
H&E
West Coast Vet Path Conference
1
3163
West Coast Slide Conference
2024
24
FISH
Pleistophora hyphessobryconis
Adult male Neon tetra (Paracheirodon innesi)
This fish is part of a group of tetras from a commercial vendor experiencing high mortalities (15 to 25%) for about 1 week.
H&E
West Coast Vet Path Conference
1
3164
West Coast Slide Conference
2024
25
EQUINE
Plasmacytic nodal proliferation with amyloid
Nineteen-year-old, Quarterhorse, gelding
Enlarged, firm right submandibular lymph node. There were no areas of drainage and no signs of pain on palpation
The left muzzle developed a swelling, and a CT scan showed a large, expansile, destructive, nasal mass with obstructive sinusitis, consistent with malignant neoplasia.
H&E
West Coast Vet Path Conference
1
3167
West Coast Slide Conference
2024
28
KOI
Papillomatous squamous cell carcinoma vs papilloma
Oral squamous cell carcinoma with viral papillomas
4-year-old, female, spayed Chihuahua mix.
The patient was diagnosed with oral papillomatosis and severe periodontal disease. After three surgeries, with significant regrowth of
resected tissues resulting in facial asymmetry of the left maxillary region, the paient was euthanized.
H&E
West Coast Vet Path Conference
1
3169
West Coast Slide Conference
2024
30
SNAKE
Vertebral column and right body wall: Chondrosarcoma
Five-year-old male corn snake (Pantherophis guttatus)
Slowly growing mass, causing loss of righting reflex caudal to the mass.
H&E
West Coast Vet Path Conference
1
3170
West Coast Slide Conference
2024
31
OTTER
Sarcocystis neurona
Adult, male, North American river otter (Lontra canadensis)
Emaciated, dehydrated, lethargic, agitated, had diarrhea and signs of muscle atrophy
H&E
West Coast Vet Path Conference
1
3171
West Coast Slide Conference
2024
32
BARN OWL
Trichomonas gallinae
Female, juvenile barn owl (Tyto alba)
The caudal aspect of the palate was covered by a yellow “abscess-like” lesion that extended into the larynx and proximal aspect of the mandible.
H&E
West Coast Vet Path Conference
1
3172
West Coast Slide Conference
2024
33
CHICKEN
Fowlpox
Three-year-old backyard hen.
Two of 4 hens that died within 6 days were submitted for necropsy. No clinical abnormalities were observed before death in 3 of these animals. A fourth bird was found gasping and had blood on its beak.
H&E
West Coast Vet Path Conference
1
3173
West Coast Slide Conference
2024
34
CANINE
Leptospira canicola
7-year-old intact male Pomeranian dog
The Pomeranian dog was found deceased in a local Los Angeles County shelter without prior signs of illness.
The hawk initially presented with a crusted lesion along the left commissure of the mouth, blood near the right nare, a severe feather louse infestation, missing talons, and an emaciated body condition. CBC
H&E
West Coast Vet Path Conference
1
3175
West Coast Slide Conference
2024
36
EQUINE
Spinocerebellar ataxia
3-week-old quarter horse filly
Ataxic with limited coordination of pelvic limbs. Complete neurologic examination revealed cutaneous trunci deficits along the thoracic region and
proprioceptive deficits affecting both hind legs (R > L).
H&E
West Coast Vet Path Conference
1
3176
West Coast Slide Conference
2024
26
CANINE
Sialocele with sialolithiasis
9 YO FS standard poodle
A protruding flocculant mass was present along the right proximal ventral neck since adoption in 2016.
H&E
West Coast Vet Path Conference
1
3177
West Coast Slide Conference
2024
27
FELINE
Encephalitis due to Cladophialophora bantianaCladosporium bantianum
3-month-old, intact female, domestic short hair kitten
A stray kitten with unknown prior history presented with a body condition score of 2/9, miotic
pupils, bilateral pelvic limb deficits, and circling behaviors.
H&E
West Coast Vet Path Conference
1
3178
West Coast Slide Conference
2024
37
CANINE
Chronic hepatitis due to copper accumulation
6.5-year-old, male castrated Labrador Retriever.
Conic mixed hepatopathy with the aim of undergoing a laparoscopic liver biopsy. He had a history of persistent liver abnormalities, characterized
by elevated liver enzymes and hyperproteinemia. This condition has been ongoing for 6 months.
H&E
West Coast Vet Path Conference
1
3179
West Coast Round Robin
2024
38
RABBIT
Myxomatosis
Adult female rabbit
This rabbit was presented to a shelter as a stray with lethargy and severely swollen eyelids.
H&E
West Coast Vet Path Conference
1
3181
DTF_Course
2024
1
ZEBRA
H&E
KOEHLER
1
3182
DTF_Course
2024
2
RAT
H&E
KOEHLER
1
3183
DTF_Course
2024
3
CANINE
H&E
KOEHLER
1
3184
DTF_Course
2024
4
CANINE
H&E
KOEHLER
1
3185
DTF_Course
2024
5
BOVINE
H&E
KOEHLER
1
3186
DTF_Course
2024
6
MONKEY
H&E
KOEHLER
1
3187
DTF_Course
2024
8
CANINE
H&E
KOEHLER
1
3188
DTF_Course
2024
7
CANINE
H&E
KOEHLER
1
3200
West Coast Round Robin
2024
31
OTTER
Encephalitis due to Sarcocystis neurona
Adult, male, North American river otter (Lontra canadensis)
On presentation, the otter was emaciated, dehydrated, lethargic, agitated, had diarrhea and signs of muscle atrophy. Over the following days, the otter vigorously ingested all food offered by the facility but continued to have diarrhea. Found dead.
H&E
0
1
3201
West Coast Round Robin
2024
32
BARN OWL
Necrotizing stomatitis and pharyngitis due to Trichomonas sp. - frounce
Female, juvenile barn owl (Tyto alba)
Found obtunded and weak. The caudal aspect of the palate was covered by a yellow “abscess-like” lesion that extended into the larynx and proximal aspect of the mandible.
H&E
0
1
3202
West Coast Round Robin
2024
33
CHICKEN
Wet pox
Three-year-old backyard hen.
Two of 4 hens that died within 6 days were submitted for necropsy. No clinical abnormalities were observed before death in 3 of these animals. A fourth bird was found gasping and had blood on its beak. This bird passed soon after that.
H&E
0
1
3203
West Coast Round Robin
2024
34
CANINE
Leptospirosis
7-year-old intact male Pomeranian dog
Found deceased in a local Los Angeles County shelter without prior signs of illness. The shelter had been experiencing an outbreak of canine
influenza due to H3N2. The dog was given a canine influenza virus vaccine 1M prior to death.
H&E
0
1
3204
West Coast Round Robin
2024
35
HAWK
Avian poxvirus and presumptive chronic eosiophilic leukemia
The hawk initially presented with a crusted lesion along the left commissure of the mouth, blood near the right nare, a severe feather louse infestation, missing talons, and an emaciated body condition.
H&E
0
1
3205
West Coast Round Robin
2024
36
EQUINE
Spinocerebellar ataxia
3-week-old quarter horse filly
Ataxic with limited coordination of pelvic limbs. Complete neurologic examination revealed cutaneous trunci deficits along the thoracic region and
proprioceptive deficits affecting both hind legs (R > L).
H&E
0
1
3206
West Coast Round Robin
2024
37
CANINE
Chronic hepatopathy with excessive copper accumulation
A 6.5-year-old, male castrated Labrador Retriever.
Chronic mixed hepatopathy characterized by elevated liver enzymes and hyperproteinemia. This has been going on for 6 months.
H&E
0
1
3207
West Coast Round Robin
2011
25
CANINE
Metaphyseal osteopathy
12WO Great Dane puppy
This twelve-week-old Great Dane puppy had a history of high fever and swelling of the distal epiphyses of all four legs. It responded inconsistently to treatment for pain and fever and was euthanized.
H&E
0
1
3208
West Coast Round Robin
2011
26
CANINE
Necrotizing meningoencephalitis
2-year-old spayed female Chihuahua
A 2-year-old spayed female Chihuahua had seizures throughout the night and was euthanatized the following day. Ingestion of an unknown amount of illegal narcotics, possibly amphetamines, was suspected.
H&E
0
1
3209
West Coast Round Robin
2011
27
CANINE
Hypercalcemic nephropathydue to dietary hypervitaminosis D.
Five year old terrier mix
A five-years-old male Terrier cross was euthanized because of anuria with hypercalcemia (15.1 mg/dl), hyperphosphatemia (20.0 mg/dl), high serum BUN (202 mg/dl), and high serum creatinine (11mg/dl).
H&E
0
1
3210
West Coast Round Robin
2011
28
CANINE
Epitheliotrphikc hepatocellular carcinoma
12 year old castrated male Beagle
12 year old castrated male Beagle with recent onset of anorexia, weight loss and vomiting. Blood work revealed elevated ALT and ALKP.
H&E
0
1
3211
West Coast Round Robin
2011
29
BOVINE
Locoweed/locoism/Astragalus wootonii
Yearling bovine
Four hundred fifty yearlings were put on native pasture. Over the course of the spring, 150 animals developed signs of incoordination, partial blindness and some aggressiveness and hyperexcitability. Ten died.
H&E
0
1
3212
West Coast Round Robin
2011
30
EQUINE
Borrelia burgdorfei meningoradiculoneuritis
9-year-old thoroughbred
This 9-year-old thoroughbred originally from the east coast exhibited neurologic signs and was diagnosed with presumptive EPM based on positive serology, and treated in April. He had a recurrence of clinical signs in June.
H&E
0
1
3213
West Coast Round Robin
2011
31
WALLABY
Bacteroides tectum and Porphyromonas gulae
Six-year-old Wallaby
Staggered gait, falling to left side and finally the animal was no longer ambulatory. On necropsy it had a locally extensive suppurative internal otitis of the left inner ear. The suppurative exudate extended into the left side of the brainstem
H&E
1
3214
West Coast Round Robin
2011
32
COUGAR
Cylicospirurea sp.
Urban female cougar
FWS dispatched this animal for public safety reasons. There were no lesions suggesting significant disease on gross or microscopic examination
H&E
0
1
3215
West Coast Round Robin
2011
33
BOVINE
IBR, Mannheimia haemolytica, Arcanobacterium pyogenes and Mycoplasma bovis)
4MO Jersey calf
This was a 4-month-old Jersey calf which was showing respiratory signs “weeks” before the animal was euthanized. Herd had heavy morbidity among the weaned heifers. Tissue parts were submitted from field necropsy.
H&E
0
1
3216
West Coast Round Robin
2011
34
EQUINE
Equine herpesvirus-5
19YO Morgan gelding
This 19 year old Morgan gelding was euthanized after 10 months of chronic cough. The horse showed no improvement after antibiotic treatment and radiographs demonstrated a large mass in the lungs.
H&E
0
1
3217
West Coast Round Robin
2011
35
RINGTAIL POSSUM
Mycobacterium ulcerans disease, or Buruli/Bairnsdale ulcer
Adult female common ringtail possum.
Ulcerative lesions on the right medial tibia and caudal hock, the left medial tibia and lateral hock and the caudal carpus and cranial brachium of both forelimbs
H&E
0
1
3218
West Coast Round Robin
2011
36
BOVINE
Degeneration of spinal cord ventral horns due to Aspergillus clavatus
Angus yearling steer
8 animals in a mob of yearling steers showed sudden onset of hind leg ataxia. The animals remained bright and alert, eating and ruminating normally, but were in poor condition. Feed was short, green alpine pasture plus grain mix and hay. Blue grey mould wa
H&E
0
1
3219
West Coast Round Robin
2011
37
OVINE
Epidermolysis bullosa
6DO black suffolk lamb
Development of lameness and oral lesions, the lameness having first been noticed at two days of age.
H&E
0
1
3220
West Coast Round Robin
2011
38
OVINE
Ovine white liver disease - cobalt deficiency
Weaner sheep
Animals became ataxic, signs progressed over 3 to 4 days to recumbency and death. The season had been unusually wet and mild, and there was good pasture growth of perenniel rye grass (Lolium perenne).
H&E
0
1
3221
Davis-Thompson
2024
CANINE
Eosinophilic granuloma
4YO mixed breed
Sublingual mass
H&E
0
1
3222
West Coast Round Robin
2011
39
BOVINE
Aspergillus niger
12 month old Holstein heifer
The owner had decreased the wheat silage content of the ration and replaced the decreased wheat silage with an increase in pomegranate pulp. (Increase ration from 5 pounds to 25 pounds of pomegranates per animal.
H&E
0
1
3223
Davis-Thompson
2024
BOVINE
Neospora caninum menigomyelitis
9DO male Swiss Brown
Calf could not stand but could suckle. Lesions in teh oral mucosa.
H&E
0
1
3224
Davis-Thompson
2024
NHP - COTTON TOP TAMARIN
Colonic adenocarcinoma
7YO male cotton-top tamarin
Hemorrhagic diarrhea and permanent weight loss
H&E
0
1
3225
Davis-Thompson
2024
FELINE
Coccidioides immitis dermatitis
9.5M/C Himalyan cross
Three subcutaneous abdominal masses
H&E
0
1
3226
West Coast Round Robin
2011
40
DUCK
Reimerella anatipestifer
5WO Pekin duck
Severe neurological signs such as ataxia, torticollis, opisthotonus and increased mortality in a flock of 6000 ducks. Mortality went from 2 to 5 birds per day to 220 within a few days.
H&E
0
1
3227
Davis-Thompson
2024
OVINE
Dermatophytosis
Adult Suffolk Ram
History of dry crusty well-circumscribed cutaneous lesions over the flnk and pelvic limbs
History of lethargy and hyporexia with recent intermittent vomiting and melena.Hyperglycemia (>700 mg/dL), hyperuricemia (10.2 mg/DL), increased bile acids (>200 umol/L, reference value >60 umol/L). Gastric and hepatic masses were identified on ultrasound.
H&E
0
1
3230
MAVP
2024
31
SNOW LEOPARD
Cutaneous viral plaque with transition to squamous cell carcinoma, presumed papillomavirus
16-year-old North American Snow Leopard (Panthera uncia) of unknown sex
None provided
H&E
0
1
3231
MAVP
2024
28
MOUSE
Psorergates simplex blepharitis and keratoconjunctivitis, type II diabetes
Spiny mouse, Acomys cahirinus, female, ? 3 months
The spiny mouse was presented with unilateral ocular crusting and squinting. Two other cage mates were found dead.
H&E
0
1
3232
MAVP
2024
56
RAT
Hybridization-dependent off-target hepatic toxicity associated with a GalNAc-siRNA conjugated biotherapeutic
Sprague Dawley (SD) Rat
A 28-day Investigative toxicity study administering a single subcutaneous injection of an oligonucleotide biothereapeutic to SD rats. Male SD rats were approximately 11 weeks of age and ranged in body weight from 297 to 408 g at the initiation of the study
H&E
0
1
3233
West Coast Round Robin
2011
41
BOVINE
Bovine adenovirus (vasculitis and adrenalitis) and mycotic (abomasal ulcers)
10 day old Jersey calf
None provided
H&E
1
3234
West Coast Round Robin
2011
42
BOVINE
Bovine adenovirus (vasculitis and adrenalitis) and mycotic (abomasal ulcers)
10 day old Jersey calf
None provided
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
3235
West Coast Round Robin
2011
43
TURKEY
Aortic rupture
15WO male turkey
Flock of 7500 tom turkeys experienced increased mortality beginning at 14 weeks of age. Mortality went from 2 to 3 birds per day to 75 to 90 within a few days. The birds were eating and drinking normally but were found dead without any clinical signs
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
3236
West Coast Round Robin
2011
44
GOAT
Nocardia tracheitis
Adult Boer goat doe
14 animals in the herd, 4 in the group, 1 is sick. Late summer doe had a dry cough off and on, no loss of appetite. Good hair coat and condition
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
3237
West Coast Round Robin
2012
36
TURKEY
Mycoplasma gallisepticum
15WO turkeys
Flock of 7000 turkeys experiencing swollen hocks and foot pads and shaky legs as the primary compliant. There was mild cough and loose droppings in a few birds and slight increased mortality beginning at 15 weeks of age.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
3238
Davis-Thompson
2024
BOVINE
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus
20DO male Holstein calf
Multiple calves presented with respiratory difficulties at 12-15d.
After a lifetime of spreading herpesvirus and killing all the NWPs of other species around him, he finally got his comeuppance!
H&E
WILLIAMS
1
3241
Davis-Thompson
2024
PARROT
Cholangiocarcinoma
17YO Congo African grey
Listless and anorexic for three days prior to death. Diet consisted of seeds and fruit.
H&E
WILLIAMS
1
3242
Davis-Thompson
2024
Canine
Subungual squamous cell caricnoma
Adult Giant Schnauzer
Distorted digit
H&E
WILLIAMS
1
3243
West Coast Round Robin
2012
37
DUCK
Mycobacterium avium and amyloid
7 year old Indian runner female duck.
A 7 year old Indian runner female duck was submitted for necropsy, from a free ranging flock on a ranch. The dead bird was described as going slow before dying.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
3244
Davis-Thompson
2024
CAPRNE
Tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis
11MO male Saanen goat
Animal lived on a farm that tested positive for tuberculosis. This goat was also pyrexic and dyspneic
H&E
WILLIAMS
1
3245
Davis-Thompson
2024
CANINE
Heartworm disease and uremia
Adult dog
None given
H&E
WILLIAMS
1
3246
West Coast Round Robin
2012
38
CAPRNE
Yersinia enterocolitica
Five week old female Boer goat kid
The goat was one of three siblings. The animals are nursing but also eating 4-way grain and alfalfa hay. The animal was disbudded four days prior to problem. The animal was found in the morning lying flat in the feeding area.
H&E
West Coast Round Robin
1
3247
MAVP
2024
5
CANINE
Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma
11 years and 7 months old, castrated male
Acute onset of icterus accompanied by anorexia and lethargy. Diarrhea, polydipsia, and polyuria were also reported. During the clinical examination, a complete blood count revealed a severe normocytic, normochromic regenerative anemia with spherocytes and
H&E
MAVP
1
3248
MAVP
2024
6
CANINE
Anaplastic large T cell lymphoma
7-year-old male neutered Husky dog
Chronic nasal discharge with nasal planum and rostral nare ulceration. CT showed bilateral destruction of the nasal turbinates
H&E
MAVP
1
3249
MAVP
2024
7
CANINE
Malignant neoplasia most consistent with large cell lymphoma and increased atypical mast cells most consistent with mast cell neoplasia with moderate macrophagic inflammation.
11-year-old male neutered domestic longhaired cat
Progressive lethargy and increased respiratory rate and effort for 24 hours. Abdominal ultrasound showed multiple pancreatic masses, diffuse splenomegaly, and hepatic, jejunal, and colic lymphadenopathy.
Wright Giemsa
MAVP
1
3250
MAVP
2024
9
CANINE
Vertebrae and liver: Plasma cell neoplasm – most consistent with multiple myeloma
7-year-old, male, castrated, Golden Retriever
Sshaking/tremoring and uninterested in food. Four days later, the patient was taken to the rDVM for hyporexia, hindlimb-ataxia, and shaking/tremoring. Upon admission to ISU, bloodwork showed hypercalcemia with evidence of bony lysis at L2 and left ischium.
H&E
MAVP
1
3251
Davis-Thompson
2024
OVINE
Brucella ovis epididymitis
Adult male crossbred sheep
Inoculated via prepuce with Brucella ovis
H&E
WILLIAMS
1
3254
MAVP
2024
8
CANINE
Large granular lymphocytic lymphoma of presumed natural killer origin
3-year-old male intact vizsla
The dog was presented to the referring veterinarian (rDVM) for wheezing, coughing and inappetence. Thoracic radiographs showed a large mediastinal mass and an abdominal ultrasound showed distension of the vena cava.
A 3-year-old male African pygmy hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris) presented with a 10-day history of limping on the left front leg that had progressed to falling to the left. Other clinical signs included inappetence and sneezing
H&E
MAVP
1
3256
MAVP
2024
3
PARTRIDGE
Myeloid leukosis
Three 10-12-week-old, brown, Hungarian Partridges (one cock, two hens)
Owner is losing about 5 birds each day. They act lethargic and show neurological signs.
H&E
MAVP
1
3258
MAVP
2024
4
CANINE
Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia
3-year-old, female intact, Black Mouth Cur
The patient presented for a 1-week history of polyuria, polydipsia, and lethargy. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a coarse splenic echotexture and thickened duodenum, with multiple nodular lesions and scant peritoneal effusion.
H&E
MAVP
1
3260
MAVP
2024
2
CANINE
Acture myelogenous leukemia of monocytic origin
5-year-old male neutered Pembroke Welsh Corgi
Prior to presentation to hospital, patient had two-week history of ongoing lethargy, hyporexia, diarrhea (melena), intermittent fever, anemia, and thrombocytopenia
Wright Giemsa
MAVP
1
3261
MAVP
2024
1
PORCINE
Round cell neoplasia (acute lymphoid leukemia vs stage V lymphoma vs acute myeloid leukemia vs acute undifferentiated leukemia)
9-year-old, female, mixed breed porcine
Physical examination revealed hypothermia and tachypnea and a firm, irregular mass was palpated in her right lower abdomen CT examination of the abdomen revealed a large, irregularly shaped mass in the liver.
Wright Giemsa
MAVP
1
3262
MAVP
2024
11
CANINE
Eosinophilic meningoencephalitis
5-year-old neutered male Alaskan Eskimo Dog mix
The owner reported an unknown neurological disease when the patient presented to the Kansas State University Veterinary Health Center (KSUVHC) emergency room. During clinical evaluation, the patient rapidly declined and went into respiratory failure.
H&E
MAVP
1
3264
MAVP
2024
12
CANINE
Canine dysautonomia
3-year-old male neutered rottweiler
Acute gastroenteritis, bilious vomiting, suspect aspiration pneumonia, bradycardia that was unresponsive to atropine, absent pupillary light reflex with an inconclusive pilocarpine test, general malaise and weakened anal tone for an approximate 1-week dura
H&E
MAVP
1
3265
MAVP
2024
13
CANINE
L2-L3 spinal mass: Synovial myxoma
11-year-old female spayed Labrador Retriever Mix
progressive ambulatory paraparesis and asymmetrical (R>L) hind limb ataxia. MRI revealed a mass lesion of T2 hyperintensity extending from the right L2-L3 articulation into the spinal canal and across midline at the dorsal laminaacr
H&E
MAVP
1
3266
MAVP
2024
53
CANINE
Heterobilharzia americana
9-year-old female spayed Husky
Elevated ALT and ALP. On abdominal ultrasound, her liver was diffusely irregular, with multifocal nodules/masses of varying size and shape with an overall coarse echotexture.
11-year-old, female spayed, American Pit Bull Terrier
6cm x 5cm, ulcerated soft tissue mass on her left front leg (lateral aspect of mid-antebrachium) had been slowly growing over the past year. The submitted cytology is from the enlarged left superficial cervical lymph node.
Modified Wright-Giemsa
MAVP
1
3268
MAVP
2024
36
SNAKE
Pigmented cell neoplasia consistent with chromatophoroma, specifically iridophoroma
22-year-old, Carpet Python, sex not specified
A mass was found on the dorsal aspect of the cranial third of the body. Radiographs were taken with no obvious lytic or invasive lesions appreciated. On
H&E
MAVP
1
3269
MAVP
2024
37
CANINE
Lip: Epitheliotropic large T-cell lymphoma
13-year-old male castrated miniature dachshund
The dog was presented to the referring veterinarian (rDVM) for a lower left lip mass that had been noted one month prior. A fine needle aspirate cytology was performed, and the mass was surgically excised 2 weeks later.
H&E
MAVP
1
3270
MAVP
2024
38
FELINE
Proliferative necrotizing otitis externa of kittens
9-month-old MN Maine Coon cat
1 month history of progressive crusting on inner pinnae, ear canal, neck, scrotum and lateral leg.1 month history
H&E
MAVP
1
3271
MAVP
2024
39
FELINE
Mycobacterium kansasii osteomyelitis
11-year-old, male castrated, domestic shorthair cat
Aggressive osteolytic mass of the left shoulder involving the proximal humerus, distal scapula, and associated soft tissues with no evidence of metastatic disease. The cat was otherwise healthy.
H&E
MAVP
1
3272
MAVP
2024
40
CANINE
Malignant mixed tumor of salivary gland
7.5-year-old spayed female shepherd/mixed breed dog
One week before, the owner noticed a large expansile mass on the left side of the dog’s neck just lateral to the thyroid.
H&E
MAVP
1
3273
MAVP
2024
43
CANINE
Acanthomatous ameloblastoma
3-year-old, female spayed, Goldendoodle
A mass was extending from the buccal aspect of 404 to 406. Since this visit, the mass had grown and was occasionally bleeding. The patient was reluctant to be touched in the area and had increased drooling but remained otherwise normal.
H&E
MAVP
1
3274
MAVP
2024
42
ELK
Neuroblastoma
3-year-old intact male elk bull
Progressive weight loss over the past few months. During the gross examination, the adipose tissue was excessively edematous, with extremely limited fat storage. Possible differential diagnoses included intussusception, neoplastic disease, and Johne's dise
H&E
MAVP
1
3275
MAVP
2024
41
CANINE
Neoplasia of skeletal muscle origin
10-year and 6-month-old male-neutered Schnoodle
The owner recently noticed a mass within the mouth. No weight loss, bleeding, difficulty eating, vomiting, or coughing were noted. Two weeks later while under general anesthesia, fine needle aspirates were collected from the sublingual mass
H&E
MAVP
1
3276
MAVP
2024
44
NHP - COLOBUS MONKEY
Olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB)
16 year old intact male Colobus Monkey
One month prior to necropsy, right side dental extractions were performed and a suspected oral-nasal fistula was discovered. Since then, the animal had intermittent and worsening bleeding from the cavity along with decreased appetite.
H&E
MAVP
1
3277
MAVP
2024
45
CANINE
Intestinal chondroblastic osteosarcoma
11-year-old, male castrated, Mixed Breed dog.
Eccentric jejunal mass with intra-lesional gas or mineralization, as well as a liver mass and thoracic radiographs revealed pulmonary opacities, all of which were suggestive of malignant neoplasia.
H&E
m
1
3278
MAVP
2024
46
CHICKEN
Rickets
Five, male, 12-day-old broiler chicks
Healthy until 8 days of age when they could not walk. They were limping and their legs fell out from under them. They could no longer reach the food or water. Ninety-five birds died out of a flock of 2000.
H&E
MAVP
1
3279
MAVP
2024
47
CANINE
Tracheal osteochondroma
5-month-old, male intact Golden Retriever dog
One-week history of wheezing, with an acute onset of respiratory distress prior to clinical presentation. Antemortem diagnostics revealed an opaque structure on radiographs, with confirmation of a tracheal mass via tracheal endoscopy.
H&E
MAVP
1
3280
MAVP
2024
48
CANINE
Chondroblastic osteosarcoma
8.2 y.o. male neutered yellow Labrador retriever dog
Patient presented to UWVC Primary Care with 5/5 lameness and swelling in the proximal right forelimb. Radiographs showed bony proliferation and lysis around the right glenohumeral joint, but no evidence of metastasis and complete bloodwork showed no signif
H&E
MAVP
1
3281
MAVP
2024
49
HEDGEHOG
Endometrial mixed tumor
3-year-old female hedgehog
This hedgehog had a 1–2-month history of hematuria. Ultrasound showed an abnormal uterus with a mid-abdominal mass.
H&E
MAVP
1
3282
MAVP
2024
50
HUMAN
Invasive ductal carcinoma
28-year-old African woman
28-year-old African woman 8 months pregnant with her third child. Patient found a nodule in her upper left breast while showering. No previous medical history
H&E
MAVP
1
3283
MAVP
2024
51
CANINE
Ruptured/traumatized paraprostatic cyst.
3-year-old, male castrated Doberman Pinscher
perineal hernia repair on 4/23/24 and was unable to urinate after surgery. On 4/29/24, the patient presented to the ER for anuria and lethargy. A large amount of fluid was reported around the prostate and a urinary catheter could not be placed.
H&E
MAVP
1
3284
MAVP
2024
52
FELINE
Francisella tularensis
3-year-old intact female domestic shorthair cat
An outdoor/feral cat was brought to the referring veterinary clinic in recumbency and with generalized icterus. The cat declined rapidly and was submitted to the Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (KSVDL) for necropsy.
H&E
MAVP
1
3285
MAVP
2024
54
CANINE
Abdominal abscess with Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar agon
1-year-old, female, Weimaraner
A thorn was removed surically from the toe. Two days after surgery, the dog presented with diarrhea, lethargy, hyperpyrexia of 105F, and an elevated white blood cell count. The owner reported that the dog had eaten raw hamburger and a dead snake.
H&E
MAVP
1
3286
MAVP
2024
55
CHINCHILLA
Listeria monocytogenes hepatitis
4-year-old male chinchilla
On 6/5/24 the owner noted the chinchilla was hunched, anorexic, and had labored breathing. Died on 6/6/24.
H&E
MAVP
1
3287
MAVP
2024
57
BAT
Cholangiocarcinoma
11-year-old male Egyptian fruit bat (
The bat was found dead on exhibit with no premonitory signs, and was not under treatment for any medical issues. There was a history of diffuse corneal opacity, cataracts, and fixed mydriasis OU.
H&E
MAVP
1
3288
MAVP
2024
58
CANINE
Cardiac hemangiosarcoma
Three-year-old, male, neutered, mixed breed
Acute history of vomiting. Clinical pathology and imaging were consistent with fulminant liver failure and acute kidney injury. A severe coagulopathy developed, with epistaxis occurring secondary to nasogastric tube placement during hospitalization
H&E
MAVP
1
3289
MAVP
2024
14
CANINE
Atypical choroid plexus papillomas
6yo MC Labradoodle
Presented to UIUC ER for progressive neurological abnormalities over the previous 3 weeks
H&E
MAVP
1
3290
MAVP
2024
59
CANINE
Pulmonary and cerebral angioinvasive lymphoma
2.5-year-old, female spayed, Pit Bull
Previously treated successful treatment for caval syndrome. On presentation, she was blind with dilated pupils, had a tendency to circle to the left, a dull mentation with periods of falling asleep during the exam, and delayed placing of left hindlimb
H&E
MAVP
1
3291
MAVP
2024
15
CANINE
Neoplasia (pituitary adenoma vs granular cell tumor)
8-year-old, spayed female, mixed breed
This patient initially presented in June 2023 for seizures and was treated with phenobarbital. MRI performed in August 2023 revealed pituitary enlargement. In March 2024, the patient had dilated pupils with no direct or consensual pupillary light reflexes
H&E
MAVP
1
3293
MAVP
2024
16
CANINE
Presumptive pheochromocytoma
10-year-old, castrated male, Chihuahua
Dog was diagnosed with adrenal dependent Cushing's and had a positive LDDS test.
H&E
MAVP
1
3294
MAVP
2024
18
RHINOCEROS
Adrenocortical carcinoma and pheochromocytoma
54 year old female southern white rhinoceros
Chronic history of intermittent pressure sores over both hips, intermittent neurologic signs, regurgitation/choke, fecal occult blood, and anemia. The patient was euthanized for quality of life
H&E
MAVP
1
3295
MAVP
2024
19
FELINE
Insulinoma
6y 3m 1d, FS, Domestic Shorthair
Episodes of head and front limb spasms and one episode of ataxia and falling over. On 1/8/24, the patient was walking slowly and was low to the ground. Later on, she was seen walking off-balance and fell over on her side for the duration of 5-10 minutes.
H&E
MAVP
1
3296
MAVP
2024
20
CANINE
Insulinoma
9.5-year-old, mixed breed, male neutered, canine
Sudden bleeding from the gums, following multiple tooth extractions two weeks before. Prior to discharge, the dog had consecutive grand-mal seizures which were attributed to hypoglycemia,
H&E
MAVP
1
3297
MAVP
2024
21
FELINE
Bullous keratopathy, lyphoplasmacytic uveitis, and glaucoma
7-year-old castrated male domestic short hair cat
This cat had a 6-month history of intermittently enlarged OD. They noted buphthalmia, hyperpigmentation of the iris, desiccated cornea of the axial surface with diffuse corneal edema, and deep anterior chamber..
H&E
MAVP
1
3298
MAVP
2024
22
NHP - CAPUCHIN MONKEY
Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma
2-year-old female capuchin monkey
Progressive swelling and exophthalmia of the left eye. An enucleation of the left eye was performed. Approximately 3 weeks later, the owner noted enlargement of the left eye socket, growth of masses on the cheek, and a loss of vision in the remaining eye.
H&E
MAVP
1
3299
MAVP
2024
23
BALD EAGLE
Intraocular carcinoma and phthisis bulbi
Adult female Bald Eagle
This eagle was discovered dead in its enclosure in a managed care facility. In March 2019 the eagle suffered collision with a wind turbine. Trauma rendered the eye non-visual, and the eagle was transferred to managed care.
H&E
MAVP
1
3300
MAVP
2024
24
CANINE
Ocular metastatic anaplastic carcinoma
11-year-old spayed female mixed breed dog
The dog developed hyphema OD in May 2023. The hyphema resolved but a mass developed on the dorsomedial bulbar conjunctiva OD. Ocular ultrasound was suspicious for an intraocular mass with extraocular extension.
H&E
MAVP
1
3301
MAVP
2024
25
CANINE
Ocular metastatic mammary carcinoma
11-year-old female intact Labrador Retriever
Presented for hyphema, buphthalmia, and glaucoma. There was a small lobulated, pigmented mass of mid medial superior eyelid, moderate to severe episcleral injection, and two lobulated mass-like protrusions
H&E
MAVP
1
3302
MAVP
2024
26
CANINE
Mesenchymal Neoplasia with cytologic criteria of malignancy
6.5-year-old Male Castrated Boxer mix
Nonpainful exophthalmos OD and decreased retropulsion. Normal Schirmer tear tests and intraocular pressures
H&E
MAVP
1
3303
MAVP
2024
27
FELINE
Ocular cryptococcosis
12-year-old, spayed female domestic short hair cat
This cat had bilateral uveitis and a cataract with scarring and mineral degeneration. The left eye had phthisis bulbi and entropion.
H&E
MAVP
1
3304
MAVP
2024
29
CANINE
Third eyelid: Carcinosarcoma
12-year-old intact female Poodle dog
None provided. The left eye was received with a variably soft to firm, multilobular, orbital mass obscuring the third eyelid. The eye had been punctured and was collapsed.
H&E
MAVP
1
3305
MAVP
2024
30
CANINE
Langerhans cell histiocytosis
8-year-old, female, spayed, Labrador Retriever dog
The dog began developing recurrent skin infections that responded to antibiotics. Then anulcerative lesion on the nose began as what appeared to be an abrasion and seemed pruritic initially. It slowly progressed and was nonresponsive to antibiotics.
H&E
MAVP
1
3306
MAVP
2024
32
CANINE
Lymphangiosarcoma
10-year-old, Castrated male, Anatolian Shepherd
History of chronic lymphedema. Eventually the swelling became worse and the leg became inflamed and necrotic.
H&E
MAVP
1
3307
MAVP
2024
33
CANINE
Uveodermatologic syndrome
3-year-old, castrated male, Chow Chow canine
The dog was presented to the rDVM with clinical signs of uveitis, along with dermatologic changes consisting of alopecia and ulceration of the bridge of the nose and depigmentation of the nasal planum. The uveitis progressed in 7d to bilateral glaucoma.
Bone marrow: Acute leukemia, most consistent with acute myeloid leuemia of monocytic origin
5-year-old male neutered Pembroke Welsh Corgi
Prior to presentation to hospital, patient had two-week history of ongoing lethargy, hyporexia, diarrhea (melena), intermittent fever, anemia, and thrombocytopenia
Suppurative inflammation associated with lens capsule rupture
9 year-old, intact, female cat
Gram stain only
H&E
COPLOW
1
3337
COPLOW
2024
23
CANINE
Hypertensive vasculopathy
16 year-old Cockapoo
Right eye
H&E
COPLOW
1
3338
COPLOW
2024
24
FELINE
Septic implantation syndrome
9 year-old, intact, female cat
Gram stain only
H&E
COPLOW
1
3339
COPLOW
2024
25
FELINE
Feline posttraumatic sarcoma (round cell variant)
15 year-old domestic short hair cat.
None given
H&E
COPLOW
1
3345
Invertebrate Course
2024
1
BEE
Chronic bee paralysis virus
Adult honey bees from experimental colonies
Severe lesions were observed in the central nervous system from 3 dpi, including spongiosis, neuronal necrosis, and increased hemocytes within pericerebral sinuses.
Specimens were housed in net enclosures and provided with fresh branches of privet (Ligustrum spp.). Recently hatched caterpillars exhibited reduced activity, loss of righting reflex and anorexia before dying.
H&E
INVERTEBRATE
1
3347
Invertebrate Course
2024
4
SNAIL
Pneumonia in captive Malaysian fire snails
20 wild-born Maysian fire snails
A captive breeding program was established with 20 wild-born P. tweediei in late 2022. All animals died over the following 8 months, A pneumonia-like lesion was noted in all cases, suggesting potential environmental factors contributed to respiratory infec
H&E
INVERTEBRATE
1
3348
Invertebrate Course
2024
10
ABALONE
Chondroid neoplasm, favor odontophore origin
Red abalone (Haliotis rufescens), age and sex unknown
This animal had been chronically anorexic and lost surface adhesion by its foot with limited responsiveness. This abalone was kept as part of a group of abalone in a comingled habitat and was acquired >8 years prior.
H&E
INVERTEBRATE
1
3349
Invertebrate Course
2024
12
CORAL
Acute to subacute locally extensive epithelial necrosis, mesogleal lysis, and endosymbiont necrosis with intralesional filamentous cyanobacteria
A mature mountainous star coral in the Florida Reef tract
The colony experienced acute to subacute tissue loss affecting approximately 60% of the colony surface. Tissue loss was bordered by a 1 to 2 cm wide band of darky pigmented, lightly adherent membranous material.
H&E
INVERTEBRATE
1
3350
COPLOW
2024
26
FELINE
Anterior uveal lymphoma
Cat eye
None given.
H&E
COPLOW
1
3353
AAVLD
2024
1
FELINE
Highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) chorioretinitis
2-year-old intact female domestic shorthair cat
An outdoor cat at a dairy farm was observed with weakness and swollen eyes. A day later it was found dead.
H&E
AAVLD
1
3354
AAVLD
2024
2
EQUINE
Cutaneous hemangiosarcoma
2WO TB filly foal
At approximately 2-weeks after birth, a thoroughbred filly foal was presented to a referral hospital in Oklahoma for a mass on the nasal planum.
H&E
AAVLD
1
3355
AAVLD
2024
3
CANINE
Atherosclerosis with multifocal thrombosis
8 y/o FS mixed breed dog
1-month history of shifting leg lameness and spinal pain. In the week prior to euthanasia, the right hind limb developed distal gangrene. Bloodwork demonstrated a marked neutrophilia, hypercholesterolemia, decreased T4-SA.
H&E
AAVLD
1
3356
AAVLD
2024
4
CANINE
Insulinoma
9.5-year-old, male neutered, mixed breed dog
Sudden bleeding from the gums, following multiple tooth extractions two weeks before. Prior to discharge, the dog had consecutive grand mal seizures which were attributed to hypoglycemia, the lowest peripheral blood glucose reading registering at 39 mg/dl.
H&E
AAVLD
1
3357
AAVLD
2024
5
PORCINE
Endometrial adenocarcinoma and cystic endometrial hyperplasia
12-year-old sow
Submitted for whole organ evaluation was a uterus from a 12-year-old sow that presented for a routine
spay
H&E
AAVLD
1
3359
AAVLD
2024
7
BOVINE
Mannheimia hemolytica
4-year-old cow from a bucking bull breeding ranch
Found dead in mid-January without prior signs of illness.
H&E
AAVLD
1
3360
AAVLD
2024
8
BOVINE
H5N1 Influenza A Virus mastitis
Adult Holstein dairy cow from Texas
Forty-eight-hour duration of acute drop in milk production and pyrexia. The milk was thickened and yellow.
H&E
AAVLD
1
3361
AAVLD
2024
6
CANINE
Clostridium piliforme enteritis and hepatitis / Tyzzer's disease
7WO mixed breed.
Vomiting, diarrhea, hypoglycemia, non-regenerative anemia, and leukocytosis of unknown duration. Grossly, the liver was diffusely enlarged (4.7% of body weight), light red to brown, with rounded edges.
H&E
AAVLD
1
3362
AAVLD
2024
9
BOVINE
Enteritis and mesenteric lymphadenitis due to Rhocococcus hoagii
1YO mini Jersey
Lymphocytic/eosinophilic enteritis or other small intestinal malabsorptive disease was suspected antemortem.
H&E
AAVLD
1
3364
AAVLD
2024
12
CANINE
Jejunal mass: Extraskeletal osteosarcoma
7-year-old castrated male Havanese dog
Recurring episodes of vocalization and recumbency. These episodes began two weeks ago and increased in frequency over the two weeks
H&E
AAVLD
1
3368
Invertebrate Course
2024
9
TARANTULA
Prosoma and opisthosoma: Rhabditiform nematodiasis (suspect Panagrolaimidae) and hemocytic fungal pneumonia
1-year and 6-month-old, male, tarantula
Animals exhibiting perimortem erratic movements, becoming caught in their webbing, and biting their own legs. This tarantula was in premolt shortly after being confiscated and was found nonresponsive 3 days later.
H&E
INVERTEBRATE
1
3370
Invertebrate Course
2024
11
CICADA
Massospora cicadina
Adult male periodical cicada
The animal was missing the posterior ~10% of its abdomen.
H&E
INVERTEBRATE
1
3371
Invertebrate Course
2024
16
MUSSEL
Hirsutonosema embarrassi oophoritis
Adult female mucket (Actinonaias ligamentina)
Annual survey in the Embarrass River, Wisconsin, USA, documented unusually high mortality of freshwater mussels.
H&E
INVERTEBRATE
1
3373
AAVLD
2024
11
RABBIT
Encephalitozoon cuniculi
4.5-week-old male Britannia Petite rabbit
Sudden onset of dehydration and abdominal pain followed by death 24-72 hours later. All kits in the litter showed similar clinical signs.
H&E
AAVLD
1
3374
AAVLD
2024
14
CANINE
Coccidioides immitis encephalitis
Adult, mixed breed dog
An adult, mixed breed dog presented to a shelter with dull mentation, anisocoria, and
suspected visual impairment
H&E
AAVLD
1
3375
AAVLD
2024
15
TURKEY
Avian metapneumovirus
Clinical history: 21-day-old Nicholas turkey poults
21-day-old Nicholas turkey poults with clinical signs of lethargy, snick/gurgle, and bilateral sinus swelling. The associated morbidity was near 100%.
H&E
AAVLD
1
3376
AAVLD
2024
16
PORCINE
Encephalomyocarditis virus
120 days old, commercial breed growing pig
Farm of commercial growing-finishing pigs with history of high sudden mortality. Animals were treated unsuccessfully with antipyretic and antibiotics.
H&E
AAVLD
1
3377
Invertebrate Course
2024
14
BEE
Malpighian tubular epithelial cell destruction due to Malpighamoeba mellificae and midgut epithelial cell destruction due to Nosema
Colony of western honey bees (Apis mellifera) in the Yukon, Canada
For approximately three years, the colony had been experiencing increased mortality over winter, characterized by a buildup of dead bees at the hive entrance while the hive was closed for winter.
H&E
INVERTEBRATE
1
3378
Invertebrate Course
2024
7
INVERTEBRATE
Review of euthanasia methods in invertebrates
Euthanasia in invertebrates
In this presentation currently acceptable and/or appropriate methods of euthanasia will be reviewed for coelenterates, annelids, mollusks, crustaceans, arachnids, insects, and echinoderms.
H&E
INVERTEBRATE
1
3379
AAVLD
2024
10
CHICKEN
Avian leukosis
26-month-old backyard chicken
A 26-month-old backyard chicken was presented with a history of 2 months of nonspecific clinical signs followed by natural death. There were multiple tan, elevated, nodules in the pectoral muscle and heart and the legs were bilaterally swollen.
H&E
AAVLD
1
3380
Southcentral Division
2024
1
PORCINE
Condidiobolus incongruus penumonia with hypertrophic osteopathy
1.5-year-old, male castrated, mixed breed pig
1.5-day history of lameness, unwillingness to rise, and swelling in all limbs. He also had a two-week history of decreased activity and appetite.
H&E
SOUTHCENTRAL DIVISION
1
3381
Southcentral Division
2024
2
FELINE
Melanoma
10-year-old spayed female domestic shorthair cat
Physical examination revealed an approximately 2x2 cm, firm, ulcerated mass on the left pinna near the ear base.
H&E
SOUTHCENTRAL DIVISION
1
3382
Southcentral Division
2024
3
AVIAN
Eimerial nephritis
4WO M black skimmer
Mortality event affecting chicks. The chicks were exhibiting first-winter plumage, and were in poor body condition. Several live chicks were found with lethargy, weight loss, and diarrhea. This black skimmer also had feather loss and weeping eyes.
H&E
SOUTHCENTRAL DIVISION
1
3383
AAZV
2024
3
MANATEE
Enteric trematodiasis by a novel trematode
Adult male Florida manatee
An emaciated, lethargic manatee with sloughing skin and red skin lesions was rescued and transported to a critical care facilitybut died one week later.
H&E
AAZV
1
3384
AAZV
2024
4
NHP - HOWLER MONKEY
Entamoeba histolytica & dispar
2 adult black howler monkeys
Chronic illness with weight loss and diarrhea
H&E
AAZV
1
3385
Southcentral Division
2024
4
CANINE
Cholemic nephropathy
10-year-old female spaned black mixed breed dog
This dog presented to the Texas A&M University Emergency Service as a referral due to a 2-day history of immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA).
H&E
SOUTHCENTRAL DIVISION
1
3386
AAVLD
2024
13
CHEETAH
Oxalate nephrosis
8-year-old intact male cheetah
Presented with a history of anorexia, vomiting, and ataxia. By ultrasound, the cortices of both kidneys were heterogeneous and hyperechoic.
H&E
AAVLD
1
3388
AAZV
2024
1
MUSKRAT
Echinococcus multilocularis
An unknown age wild muskrat
An unknown age wild muskrat collected in February 2023 from the Niagara area of Ontario. It was frozen at -20° for 6 months and thawed for postmortem examination.
H&E
AAZV
1
3389
AAZV
2024
2
KUDU
Parelaphestrongylus tenuis
10-year-old and 5-year-old, female Lesser Kudus
Progressive neurologic symptoms beginning with ataxic gait
H&E
AAZV
1
3390
Southcentral Division
2024
6
CANINE
Subungual squamous cell carcinoma
10-year-old, female intact Rottweiler
The patient presented for nail clip due to fractured nail and sensitivity per owner. Clinician noted lameness and swelling of right rear digits 3 and 5 with purulent discharge and separation of the nail from the nailbed.
H&E
SOUTHCENTRAL DIVISION
1
3391
Southcentral Division
2024
8
FELINE
Physeal dysplasia
Unable to ambulate four days after falling out of the owner’s hands.
Unable to ambulate after falling out of the owners hands. Radiographs were obtained which showed a slightly irregularly margined transverse fracture of both femoral necks with slight cranial and lateral displacement of the femurs.
H&E
SOUTHCENTRAL DIVISION
1
3392
Southcentral Division
2024
9
PORCINE
Atypical CV-2 nephritis
4-year-old Vietnamese pot-bellied sow
The patient presented for hyporexia to anorexia of one-week duration. The pig was hospitalized and treated with ampicillin trihydrate (20 mg/kg) and rectal fluid administration. Despite the treatment, toxic changes in her leukogram developed.
H&E
SOUTHCENTRAL DIVISION
1
3393
AAZV
2024
5
MINK
Pneumonic hepatozoonosis and metastrongylosis
Adult male free-ranging American mink
This animal was seen by the public lying in a field and not moving. It was easily captured by a State Game Warden and was euthanized.
H&E
AAZV
1
3394
AAZV
2024
6
FISH
Cryptocaryon irritans
High hat
This fish is from a tank that has history of recurrent cryptocaryonosis
H&E
AAZV
1
3395
Southcentral Division
2024
10
BALD EAGLE
Lead toxicosis
Adult male bald eagle
Found unresponsive in a field. eagle was found to be lethargic, hypothermic, and dehydrated with oral/nasal discharge and no palpebral reflex. Radiographs revealed small metallic fragments, presumed to be in the gizzard.
H&E
SOUTHCENTRAL DIVISION
1
3396
AAZV
2024
7
RAINBOW TROUT
Sanguinicola spp flukes
14-month-old juvenile triploid rainbow trout
Reared on surface water at a flow-through single pass cold water aquaculture facility in the PNW population of ~200,000 fish, Recent infection/treatment for Flavobacterium psychrophilum infection. Fish presented as exercise intolerant with pale gills.
H&E
AAZV
1
3397
AAZV
2024
8
SALMON
Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae
Targeted myxozoan parasite infection screening on migratory Pacific Salmon from Lake Huron.
Migratory Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) (CHS), including 60 adult and 30 Jacks, and 16 Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) (COH) were opportunistically sampled
H&E
AAZV
1
3398
AAZV
2024
9
SNAKE
Cerebral pentastomiasis
3-year-old unknown sex River Vine Snake
This 3-year-old captive bred River Vine Snake had a history of subcutaneous parasites.
H&E
AAZV
1
3399
AAZV
2024
10
SNAKE
Disseminated sarcomas with encysted nematodes
2-month-old female intact black-headed cat snake
A juvenile black-headed cat snake that was being treated for strongyloides and skin mites was found dead in its enclosure. The animal was kept in quarantine
This pit viper was found dead following a three-day history of lethargy with minimal response to supportive care and antibiotics. The snake had not eaten for approximately one month.
H&E
AAZV
1
3401
AAZV
2024
12
FLAMINGO
Schistosomal encephalitis
30+ year old, male, lesser flamingo
Lameness due to an open fracture of D2 of the left hind limb. After recovering in the hospital, it was released back to the flock about a month later. Roughly 10 days later it represented with a left wing droop, and died under anesthesia during the eval.
H&E
AAZV
1
3402
Southcentral Division
2024
13
FELINE
Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1
Young adult, intact male domestic shorthair cat
This cat was living in close proximity to a dairy herd. Over the course of approximately 3 days, the cat developed conjunctivitis and nasal discharge, followed by severe neurologic signs and death.
H&E
SOUTHCENTRAL DIVISION
1
3403
AAZV
2024
13
QUAIL
Syngamus trachea
1 year-old, male Mearns quail
This individual was found deceased in the enclosure following a one-day history of appearing fluffed and slow moving. This was the second of three quail from the same enclosure to show similar signs.
H&E
AAZV
1
3404
AAZV
2024
14
BUDGERIGAR
Interstitial pneumonia due to Sarcocystis species
2-year-old female budgerigar
A regional mixed animal collection experienced increased deaths in with one to two dying every week with no promontory signs.
H&E
AAZV
1
3405
Southcentral Division
2024
14
CANINE
Oligodendroglioma, low-grade.
8-week-old, intact female, black and white Sheepadoodle
Acute onset of clinical signs that included head tremors, hypersalivation, partial body tremors, and brief rigid extension of all four limbs before death. Upon presenting dead on arrival to the TAMU Emergency Service, the rectal temp was 106.7°F.
H&E
SOUTHCENTRAL DIVISION
1
3406
Southcentral Division
2024
15
CANINE
Prostatic squamous metaplasia due to hormonally active Sertoli cell tumor
5-year-old, cryptorchid male German Shepard dog
This patient had alopecia and gynecomastia. A seminoma and a Sertoli cell tumor were found in a torsed retained testis. The prostate was markedly enlarged.
H&E
SOUTHCENTRAL DIVISION
1
3407
Southcentral Division
2024
16
CANINE
Cerebral protothecosis
1.5-year-old, spayed female Miniature Schnauzer
2-3 week history of progressive lethargy, lumbar pain, inappetence, fever, and thrombocytopenia. An MRI of the spine revealed syringohydromyelia and presumptive meningitis throughout the entire spinal cord. Marked mixed pleocytosis on CSF.
H&E
1
3408
AAZV
2024
15
AVIAN
Isosporosis, cryptosporidiosis, trichomoniasis
5-month-old, female black-winged starling
This was a parent-raised bird hatched in a mixed species aviary. It was found dead in the habitat with no previous clinical history.
H&E
AAZV
1
3409
AAZV
2024
16
AVIAN
Esophageal capillariasis
3-month-old, male, Loggerhead shrike
Found dead lying lateral on the ground near the front of the pen. Housed outdoors alone but adjacent to two conspecifics. No aggression observed between neighboring birds. No known health problems. He was relocated to this pen 12D before.
H&E
AAZV
1
3410
Southcentral Division
2024
11
NHP - RHESUS MACAQUE
Thyroblastoma
2-month-old, female rhesus macaque
Swelling on the right side of the neck that was first noted at one month of age. A fine needle aspirate of the mass revealed clumps of epithelial cells that suggested a neoplastic process
H&E
SOUTHCENTRAL DIVISION
1
3411
Southcentral Division
2024
17
FELINE
Osteomyelitis due to Histoplasma capsulatum
8-year-old, spayed female, domestic shorthair
Fever of unknown origin, non-regenerative anemia, marked thrombocytopenia, mild neutropenia, lymphocytosis, monocytosis, and bilirubinemia. She developed icterus with clinically noted “highlighter yellow” serum. FeCOV, M. felis negative.
H&E
SOUTHCENTRAL DIVISION
1
3412
Southcentral Division
2024
18
EQUINE
Intraosseous abscess of the mandible with ascending neuritis and ganglioneuritis.
4-year-old female Hackney Pony
5-day history of lethargy and inappetence, as well as holding its mouth open and actively drooling. Draining tract on the rostral aspect of the mandible, Cranial nerve deficits were identified on 3, 5, 7, and 10 to 12, Bilateral pupil dilation,
H&E
SOUTHCENTRAL DIVISION
1
3413
Southcentral Division
2024
7
MOUSE
Collagen-induced arthritis in DBA/1J mice
Dilute Brown Agouti 1/J (DBA/1J) strain, 8- to 10-week-old, male
Bovine type II collagen emulsified in complete Freund’s adjuvant was administered by ID injection. Experimental therapeutic compound was administered intravenously 7 and 14 days later. At day 87, mice were euthanized; ankles, wrists, and paws examined
H&E
1
3414
AAZV
2024
17
OWL
Cutaneous trombiculiasis, Haemoproteus, and Leukocytozoon
Free-ranging great horned owl (Bubo virginianus), male, adult, 849 g
Found down and unable to fly with pododermatitis, wing laceration, metacarpal fractures.
H&E
AAZV
1
3415
AAZV
2024
18
HERON
Proventricular eustrongylidosis and tetrameriosis
Free-ranging unknown sex adult great blue heron
This free-ranging adult great blue heron was found dead on zoo premises with blood noted on its feet.
H&E
AAZV
1
3416
Southcentral Division
2024
5
NHP - CYNOMOLGUS MACAQUE
Amyloid-producing ameloblastoma
17yo male captive cynomolgus macaque
The animal had a growing mass on the left upper maxillary region that involved the bone. The mass was first noted in 2022; an adjacent tooth was extracted, but the mass regrew.
H&E
1
3417
Invertebrate Course
2024
3
OCTOPUS
Acute digestive gland necrosis with extensive gram-negative bacterial invasion
Juvenile, female, giant Pacific octopus
Within a few weeks of arrival at the submitting zoo, this octopus became anorexic and sustained limb injuries consistent with self-mutilation and damage by the cohabitant anemones. The octopus was found deceased a few days later.
H&E
INVERTEBRATE
1
3418
Invertebrate Course
2024
13
CATERPILLAR
Parasitism by Tachindae larva
5th instar larva monarch caterpillar
Wild caterpillar presented dead. The animal had no premonitory signs and was previously bright, eating, and beginning to pupate. Once the caterpillar was on silk and in “J” formation it changed to a duller and darker color lost its firm fleshy texture,
H&E
INVERTEBRATE
1
3419
Invertebrate Course
2024
15
FRUIT FLY
Intestinal dilatation with bacterial overgrowth/dysbiosis and rupture
First instar larvae of Drosophila suzukii
First instar larvae wandering away from their food source then desiccating.
H&E
INVERTEBRATE
1
3421
COPLOW
2024
29
CANINE
Post phacoemulsification complications
12.3 year-old spayed female Bull Mastiff
The dog developed clinical disease after phacoemulsification.
H&E
COPLOW
1
3422
COPLOW
2024
30
CANINE
Acute (24 hours) retinal contusion with photoreceptor apoptosis
1 year-old female Weimaraner dog
The dog was kicked in the head by a horse 24 hours prior to enucleation.
H&E
COPLOW
1
3423
COPLOW
2024
31
CANINE
Retinal contusion and schisis
Neutered male, 5 year-old, German Shepherd eye
This dog had neurologic disease (GME) and there was an incident of falling down the stairs several days before euthanasia.Suspected previous trauma
H&E
COPLOW
1
3424
COPLOW
2024
32
CANINE
Corneal and conjunctival ulceration and granulation tissue involving the superficial tissues secondary to acid burn
7 year-old, neutered male Golden Retriever
Acid burns
H&E
COPLOW
1
3435
Invertebrate Course
2024
17
CLAM
Gonad: Germinoma
Mercenaria mercenaria
Increased debilitation noted, samples submitted to lab
Known exposure to Cypermethrin and Imiprothrin (Trade name Raid® Fly & Wasp Killer) based spray following accidental administration due to species mis-identification.
H&E
INVERTEBRATE
1
3438
Invertebrate Course
2024
5
LOCUST
Gregarinosis
Colony of S. Gregaria reared for insect protein and pet food within insect farming system
Loss of production noticed as an increased mortality which occurred especially between 3rd and 4th instar. Two-week period of poor nutrition associated with season change in feed crop prior to poor production.
H&E
INVERTEBRATE
1
3439
Southcentral Division
2024
19
OPOSSUM
Pulmonary adenocarcinoma
2-year, 7-month-old male Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana)
Chronic upper respiratory symptoms, suspected heart disease, seizures, ataxia, and suspected tumor in the nasal cavity. Successful treatment for pneumonia. Obstruction within the caudal vena - treated with enalapril, furosemide, and pimobendan.
H&E
SOUTHCENTRAL DIVISION
1
3441
Southcentral Division
2024
20
RAT
Mononuclear cell leukemia
3.5-year-old albino domestic rat
History of eye infection and UTI. Presented for not using hindlimbs as much and losing weight. Treated with meloxicam and gabapentin until found dead 3 months later
H&E
SOUTHCENTRAL DIVISION
1
3442
Southcentral Division
2024
12
FELINE
Cerebrum: Intravascular T cell lymphoma (intermediate to large cell) and meningioma.
16-year-old female spayed domestic shorthair cat
Progressive lameness beginning with reluctance to use left front leg, progessing to inability to walk, and ultimately stand. Animal became anorexic and began to wheeze before euthanasia.
H&E
SOUTHCENTRAL DIVISION
1
3443
2024
1
Kingsnake
H&E
1
3444
2024
1
Dwarf caiman
H&E
1
3445
2024
1
Siberian tiger
H&E
1
3446
2024
1
Ferret
H&E
1
3447
2024
1
Cardinal Tetra
H&E
1
3449
Other
9991
TEST
H&E
TEST
1
3450
Other
2024
HIIK
H&E
Jey
1
3460
ACVP
2024
1
Canine
Menetriers disease with gastric adenocarcinoma
10-year-old Cairn Terrier
Six-month history of intermittent vomiting. More recently developed hematemesis and anorexia. Gastric biopsy.
H&E
Munday
1
3461
ACVP
2024
5
Canine
Rectal adenoma
6-year-old beagle
"Rectal mass"
H&E
Munday
1
3462
ACVP
2024
2
Canine
GIST
13 year old Boston Terrier, female spayed
incidental finding identified during a surgery for foreign body removal
H&E
Hostetter
1
3465
ACVP
2024
4
Feline
Intestinal small T cell epitheliotropic lymphoma (low grade small cell alimentary lymphoma)
Adult SF DSH
History of chronic diarrhea, but no vomiting; abdominal ultrasound normal
H&E
Plattner
1
3466
ACVP
2024
3
Canine
Intestinal plasmacytoma with lymph node metastasis
4yr SF Aus Shep
Jejunal mass, abdominal lymphadenomegaly, iron deficient anemia
H&E
Plattner/ Bienzle
1
3467
ACVP
2024
3
Canine
Intestinal plasmacytoma with lymph node metastasis
4yr SF Aus Shep
Jejunal mass, abdominal lymphadenomegaly, iron deficient anemia
H&E
Plattner/ Bienzle
1
3468
Other
2024
Unknown
H&E
1
3469
Other
2024
UNKNOWN
H&E
1
3470
Other
2024
UNKNOWN
H&E
1
3471
Other
2024
UNKNOWN
H&E
1
3472
Other
2024
UNKNOWN
H&E
1
3473
Invertebrate Course
2024
8
OCTOPUS
Thraustochytrid infection
Adult sex-unknown north Pacific big eye octopus
Three adult big eye octopuses from the same enclosure developed multifocal to coalescing 1 to 3 mm white spots and progressive depigmentation of the mantle. All animals were hyporectic, and two of the three exhibited autophagy with loss of one or more arms
H&E
INVERTEBRATE
1
3474
Davis-Thompson
2024
RABBIT
H&E
UZAL
1
3475
Davis-Thompson
2024
EQUINE
H&E
UZAL
1
3476
Davis-Thompson
2024
CANINE
H&E
UZAL
1
3477
Davis-Thompson
2024
EQUINE
H&E
UZAL
1
3478
Davis-Thompson
2024
CAPRINE
H&E
UZAL
1
3479
Davis-Thompson
2024
PORCINE
H&E
UZAL
1
3480
Davis-Thompson
2024
EQUINE
H&E
UZAL
1
3481
Davis-Thompson
2024
EQUINE
H&E
UZAL
1
3482
Davis-Thompson
2024
BOVINE
H&E
UZAL
1
3483
Davis-Thompson
2024
FELINE
H&E
UZAL
1
3484
Davis-Thompson
2024
PORCINE
H&E
UZAL
1
3485
Davis-Thompson
2024
BOVINE
H&E
UZAL
1
3486
Davis-Thompson
2024
PORCINE
H&E
UZAL
1
3488
Davis-Thompson
2024
BOVINE
H&E
UZAL
1
3489
Davis-Thompson
2024
BOVINE
H&E
UZAL
1
3490
Davis-Thompson
2024
BOVINE
H&E
UZAL
1
3491
Davis-Thompson
2024
CAPRINE
H&E
UZAL
1
3492
Davis-Thompson
2024
BOVINE
H&E
UZAL
1
3493
Davis-Thompson
2024
BOVINE
H&E
UZAL
1
3494
Davis-Thompson
2024
CAPRINE
H&E
UZAL
1
3495
Davis-Thompson
2024
RABBIT
H&E
UZAL
1
3496
Other
2024
UNKNOWN
H&E
1
3497
Davis-Thompson
2024
CANINE
Intestinal lipofuscinosis
H&E
UZAL
1
3498
Davis-Thompson
2024
CANINE
Canine lipofuscinosis
H&E
UZAL
1
3499
Other
2021
5
EQUINE
H&E
1
3500
Other
2020
2
CANINE
H&E
1
3501
Other
2020
3
EQUINE
H&E
1
3502
Other
2020
15
BOVINE
H&E
1
3503
Other
2020
16
BOVINE
H&E
1
3504
Other
2016
13
CANINE
H&E
1
3505
FOP
2024
1
CANINE
H&E
1
3506
FOP
2024
2
CANINE
H&E
1
3507
FOP
2024
3
RACCOON
H&E
1
3508
FOP
2024
4
MACAQUE
H&E
1
3509
FOP
2024
5
MOUSE
H&E
1
3510
FOP
2024
6
OX
H&E
1
3511
West Coast Round Robin
2025
1
BOVINE
Hemophilus somnus
1-year-old, Angus steer
Animals were purchased from a sale yard during a period of extreme heat (>105F); of 75 animals, 25 showed clinical signs (unspecified) and were given Draxxin (tulathromycin injection). This steer was euthanized three days after the onset of illness.
H&E
1
3512
West Coast Round Robin
2025
2
BUDGERIGAR
Macrorhabdus ornithogaster
3-month-old female intact parakeet
A 3-month-old female intact parakeet with a more than 1-month history of emaciation and respiratory distress was found dead.
H&E
WCRR
1
3513
West Coast Round Robin
2025
3
BUDGERIGAR
Salmonella enterica
1 year-old budgerigar
A 1 year-old budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) from a pet store presented for stat euthanasia. No other clinical history is provided.
H&E
WCRR
1
3514
West Coast Round Robin
2025
4
EQUINE
Adrenal pheochromocytoma
18-year-old, mixed breed male neutered equine
An 18-year-old, mixed breed male neutered equine with a history of acute colic. Suspecting pheochromocytoma, diagnosed cecal +/- impaction
H&E
WCRR
1
3515
West Coast Round Robin
2025
5
NHP - RHESUS MACAQUE
Cryptosporidium muris-like protozoa
Infant female rhesus macaque
Clinical history of chronic diarrhea, poorly responsive to therapy. Initial fecal microbial cultures positive for Campylobacter jejuni. Patient has been treated sequentially and in combination with tetracycline, metronidazole, sulfasalazine, probiotics.
H&E
WCRR
1
3516
West Coast Round Robin
2025
6
NHP - JAPANESE MACAQUE
Ileum: diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL)
18 year-old female Japanese macaque
18 year-old female Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata), presented for weight loss and lethargic appearance.
H&E
WCRR
1
3517
West Coast Round Robin
2025
7
NHP - RHESUS MACAQUE
Juvenile bacterial pyelonephritis
36-day old male rhesus macaque
36-day old male rhesus macaque presented with dam for ill appearance; 1/5 body condition score, and severe dehydration.
H&E
WCRR
1
3518
West Coast Round Robin
2025
8
NHP - RHESUS MACAQUE
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)
18 year old male Rhesus macaque
Mass identified on ultrasound in right caudal abdomen. On surgical exploration, attached to serosa in mid-jejunum. Mass was surgically removed with 6 cm of jejunum.
H&E
WCRR
1
3519
West Coast Round Robin
2025
9
OVINE
Toxoplasma gondii abortion
Two fetuses and placentas
Four ewes have aborted over the last month. Two abortions composed of two fetuses each and the placenta are submitted for diagnostic investigation. Both abortions occurred within 24h.
H&E
WCRR
1
3523
West Coast Round Robin
2025
10
OVINE
West Nile virus encephalitis
2-year-old, female intact, Dorper sheep
An entire head of a 2-year-old, female intact, Dorper sheep was submitted for examination after a day history of neurological signs. No other tissues were submitted. This case occurred at the end of August.
H&E
WCRR
1
3528
West Coast Round Robin
2025
12
CHICKEN
Xanthogranulomatosis
5-year-old hen
5-year-old hen died following history of anorexia and swollen feather follicles in both wings.
H&E
WCRR
1
3534
West Coast Round Robin
2025
11
GOAT
Copper toxicosis
2-year-old female Nigerian dwarf goat
2-year-old female Nigerian dwarf goat with a brief history of dyspnea and bloat prior to death.
H&E
1
3535
West Coast Round Robin
2025
13
BOVINE
Ostertagia ostertagi
Two-year-old Angus cow
Free access to minerals, had been losing weight, feed was switched to alfalfa and she continued to lose weight. She eventually went down and couldn’t get up and was humanely euthanized. Up to date on vaccines, no history of deworming.
H&E
WCRR
1
3536
West Coast Round Robin
2025
14
BOVINE
Pajaroellobacter abortibovis
Angus cow fetus, dam was approximate 7 months pregnant
Angus cow fetus, dam was approximate 7 months pregnant. Cows came from Montana, two of the 4 pregnant dams aborted.
H&E
WCRR
1
3537
West Coast Round Robin
2025
15
OVINE
Paeniclostridium sordellii hepatitis and splenitis
11 months old, Dorper Sheep, female.
11 months old, Dorper Sheep, female. Sheep were used for grazing. Sudden death.
H&E
WCRR
1
3538
West Coast Round Robin
2025
16
TURKEY
Histomonas meleagridis
Eight turkeys
Eight Turkeys submitted for necropsy. There was a slight increase in the percentage of mortality, and animals were sad and lethargic.
H&E
WCRR
1
3539
West Coast Round Robin
2025
17
MULE DEER
Abomasal trichostrongyliasis
Two, female, adult Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) were found dead.
The farmed herd was previously diagnosed with a strongyle infection and medicated with several dewormers. The client was concerned about chronic wasting disease (CWD) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease
H&E
WCRR
1
3540
West Coast Round Robin
2025
18
BOA CONSTRICTOR
Boid inclusion disease
2-year-old, female albino boa constrictor
The client has lost 6 other boa constrictors (all less than 2 years of age).
H&E
WCRR
1
3541
West Coast Round Robin
2025
19
PORCINE
Uterine leiomyoma
8-year-old, female intact, pot-bellied pig
Received three small representative sections of a 48-pound caudal abdominal mass surgically removed from an 8-year-old, female intact, pot-bellied pig.
H&E
WCRR
1
3542
West Coast Round Robin
2025
20
CANINE
Intestinal lipogranulomatous lymphangitis
5-year-old, female, spayed Chihuahua
5-year-old, female, spayed Chihuahua with a greater than 1 year history of diarrhea and vomiting.
H&E
WCRR
1
3543
West Coast Round Robin
2025
21
SEA LION
Cardiomyopathy concerning for domoic acid toxicosis
Yearling female sea lion
Yearling female sea lion died as part of large-scale marine mammal die off.
H&E
WCRR
1
3545
West Coast Round Robin
2025
22
EQUINE
Nasal rhinosporidiosis
Argentine Polo Pony mare
Biopsy from a mass in the right nostril of an Argentine Polo Pony mare
H&E
WCRR
1
3546
West Coast Round Robin
2025
23
RABBIT
Encephalitozoon cuniculi encephalitis
A 2.5-month-old male Netherland dwarf rabbit
Two kits (including this one) were found dead in the cage with the dam. The dam is alive. The adults (including the dam) had been vaccinated for rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 2.
H&E
1
3547
West Coast Round Robin
2025
24
CHICKEN
Laryngeal fowl pox
6-month-old backyard hen.
History of nasal discharge and eye inflammation.
H&E
WCRR
1
3548
West Coast Round Robin
2025
27
OPOSSUM
Besnoitia darlingi
Wild Didelphis aurita adult female
The animal was found dead on public roads (on the street), so no previous history is known. The animal had a good body condition and was pregnant.
H&E
WCRR
1
3549
West Coast Round Robin
2025
25
EQUINE
Western equine encephalitis
Tissue from a 2YO horse
The animal presented depression, weakness and neurologic signs (ataxia, incoordination, convulsions and recumbency), without response to treatment
H&E
WCRR
1
3550
West Coast Round Robin
2025
26
CANINE
Persistent Müllerian duct syndrome
11-year-old male Schnauzer
Both testis and epididymis, with both spermatic cords, were sent for histopathological study after surgery, due to a striking increase in the thickness of the spermatic cords.
H&E
WCRR
1
3551
West Coast Round Robin
2025
28
EQUINE
Ionophore toxicosis
13-year-old Polo mare
The mare was housed in a stud at a racecourse. The animal presented respiratory signs and died 24 hs later. During the necropsy, lesions compatible with congestive heart failure were observed.
H&E
WCRR
1
3558
West Coast Round Robin
2017
1
COCKATOO
Sarcocystis falcatula
Adult, male breeder Palm Cockatoo.
Indoor only. Found dead in cage.
H&E
WCRR
1
3559
West Coast Round Robin
2017
2
BOVINE
Brucella abortus vaccine strain abortion
Aborted Waygu fetus
Dam was purchased out of state as a bred heifer. The dam was in California for two months prior to aborting.
H&E
WCRR
1
3561
West Coast Slide Conference
2017
3
ALPACA
Coccidioides immitis
1.5 year old female alpaca
Moved from Arizona to California 3 months prior to submission. Animal was chronically losing weight and stopped eating. Died overnight.
H&E
WCRR
1
3562
West Coast Round Robin
2017
4
CAPRINE
CAEV leukomyelitis
None givven
None given
H&E
WCRR
1
3563
West Coast Round Robin
2017
5
TURKEY
Histolmonas meleagridis bursitis
12 week old turkey
Flock of 3,400, 12-week-old turkeys. Approximately 2% of the turkeys in the flock exhibited depression, reluctance to move and increased mortality of 10 to 20 birds per day
H&E
WCRR
1
3565
West Coast Round Robin
2017
7
Alpaca
Ischemic dermatopathy
16 year old male alpaca
This is a 16 year old male alpaca presenting for crusts, scale and alopecia involving the tail head and inner thighs
H&E
WCRR
1
3568
West Coast Round Robin
2017
8
PRONGHORN
Abdominal ballistics wound
Adult pronghorn antelope doe
An adult pronghorn antelope doe was observed running, shaking her head and occasionally falling over
H&E
WCRR
1
3569
West Coast Round Robin
2017
6
EEL
Disseminated plasmacytic lymphoma
Adult wolf eel
Tumors on shkin and oral cavity
H&E
WCRR
1
3570
West Coast Round Robin
2017
9
EQUINE
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)
32 year old Arabian horse
This gelding presented with colic that was euthanized when clinical signs did not respond to medical therapy.
H&E
WCRR
1
3571
West Coast Round Robin
2017
10
PORPOISE
Campula oblonga
Adult male harbor porpoise
Found dead on beach
H&E
WCRR
1
3572
West Coast Round Robin
2017
3
ALPACA
Coccidioides immitis (“Valley fever”) and Cryptococcus spp.
1.5YO female alpaca
Moved from Arizona to California 3 months prior to submission. Animal was chronically losing weight and stopped eating. Died overnight
H&E
WCRR
1
3573
West Coast Slide Conference
2017
11
Pigeon
Sarcocystis calchasi
Feral free-ranging rock pigeons (Columba livia)
Bird presented with torticollis, ataxia and difficulty to stand/perch to the wildlife rehabilitation center and was euthanized
H&E
WCRR
1
3574
West Coast Round Robin
2017
12
PIGEON
Pigeon circovirus, Avian adenovirus
Four month old homing pigeon
Came back from a race and have lost 4 pigeons since. Stressed, lethargic, hunched over, plumped up, drooping wings, and stumbling before death.
H&E
WCRR
1
3575
West Coast Round Robin
2017
13
CAPRINE
Unknown syndrome resulting in abortions in herd for 6 years
4-year-old Toggenburg doe
Aborted at 106 days gestation. Six of 8 does in herd (3rd gestation or greater) aborted.
H&E
WCRR
1
3576
West Coast Round Robin
2017
14
CAPRINE
Toxoplasma gondii
Three near term aborted goat feti and respective placentas
A goat farm with a history of multiple near term abortions.
H&E
WCRR
1
3577
West Coast Round Robin
2017
15
BEAR
Canine Adenovirus type 1
Juvenile American black bear cubs
Over a 2 week period, two sudden deaths among a group of approximately orphaned juvenile American black bear cubs in a wildlife care facility.
H&E
WCRR
1
3578
West Coast Round Robin
2017
11
PIGEON
Sarcocystis calchasi
Feral free-ranging rock pigeons
Feral free-ranging rock pigeons (Columba livia) in the bay area. Bird presented with torticollis, ataxia and difficulty to stand/perch to the wildlife rehabilitation center and was euthanized.
H&E
WCRR
1
3579
West Coast Round Robin
2018
1
FELINE
Subcutaneous infection with Runyon Group IV mycobacteria
8-year-old female cat
The left mammary chain with a tumor in the cranial abdominal gland
H&E
WCRR
1
3580
West Coast Round Robin
2018
2
FELINE
Lymphocytic cholangitis
12-year-old female Siamese cat
A liver biopsy from a cat with mild jaundice and increased alkaline phosphatase activity was submitted for histopathological study.
H&E
WCRR
1
3581
West Coast Round Robin
2018
3
BOVINE
Hairy vetch toxicosis41874
Tissue from a cow.
Samples of lung, heart, small intestine, liver, kidney and spleen from a Holstein cow were submitted for histopathological study. Liver and kidney had the same lesions than the heart.
H&E
WCRR
1
3582
West Coast Round Robin
2018
4
CANINE
Calcinosis cutis
Adult male crossbreed dog
A skin biopsy from a dog with firm, coalescing papules to well-demarcated plaques located in the skin of the neck and hip
H&E
WCRR
1
3583
West Coast Round Robin
2018
5
CANINE
Intestinal dipylidiasis and giardiasis.
2MO puppy
The puppy was bought in a pet shop and 12 hs latter started with a severe diarrhea. A symptomatic treatment was done, although died 24 hs after it.
H&E
WCRR
1
3584
West Coast Round Robin
2018
6
PORCINE
Thiamine deficiency
16- to 18-days-old pigs
CNS symptoms in pigs 16- to 18-days-old, either at weaning or just after weaning. Observed primarily at this sow farm, but also at one of the ten wean-to-finish sites this sow farm supplies
H&E
WCRR
1
3585
West Coast Round Robin
2018
7
PORCINE
Porcine dermatitis and vasculitis syndrome/PCV-2
23-week-old pigs
23-week-old pigs with PDNS symptoms and 20% cough prevalence
H&E
WCRR
1
3586
West Coast Round Robin
2018
8
PARAKEET
Avian adenovirus
1- to 2-month-old female parakeet
1- to 2-month-old female parakeet in a group of 100+ birds recently acquired by the zoo and in quarantine. Found dead at open. Multiple previous submissions from this group of birds.
H&E
WCRR
1
3587
West Coast Round Robin
2018
9
PORCINE
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathae
7-week old pigs
Diamond-shaped/rhomboid dermal changes were apparent in the skin of both pigs. Internal organs are within normal limits. Observing clinical signs in approximately 50% of the pigs at the site. More prevalent in late finishing but seen as early as 3 weeks po
H&E
WCRR
1
3593
West Coast Round Robin
2018
16
OVINE
Tracheal edema/stenosis syndrome - "honker"
Tissue from an adult Hampshire ewe
This ewe was found 45 minutes after feeding in respiratory distress and the owner thought she was choking. She died shortly after (~2-3 hours) the owner noticed her in distress. No other animals were affected.
H&E
WCRR
1
3594
West Coast Round Robin
2018
17
BOVINE
Bovine pestivirus - BVDV abortion
Holstein fetus. Aborted at ~150 days
Holstein fetus. Aborted at ~150 days, Total of 6 abortions.
H&E
WCRR
1
3595
West Coast Round Robin
2018
18
BOVINE
Anaplasma sp.
3 year old Angus Crossbred cow
Field necropsy performed – carcass has generalized icterus.
H&E
WCRR
1
3596
West Coast Round Robin
2018
14
NHP - RHESUS MACAQUE
Bacille Calmette-Guerin
Infant male Indian rhesus macaque
Assigned to a vaccine research protocol and inoculated with Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) intra-dermally over the right shoulder at a concentration of 0.1 ml of 2-8 million bacteria/ml.
H&E
WCRR
1
3597
West Coast Round Robin
2018
10
PORCINE
PRRSV
7-week-old pigs
7-week-old pigs with several rough pigs, some coughing, a few with significant PDNS lesions
H&E
WCRR
1
3598
West Coast Round Robin
2018
10
PORCINE
PRRSV
7-week-old pigs
7-week-old pigs with several rough pigs, some coughing, a few with significant PDNS lesions
In a mixed population tank featuring California coast fish and invertebrates, one striped surfperch was found minimally responsive on its side. Ultrasound of the coelom revealed that the caudal gastrointestinal tract and uterus were fluid-distended.
H&E
NEVPC
1
3601
NEVPC
2025
2
FELINE
13-month-old, male neutered, Bengal feline
Acute onset respiratory distress, labored breathing and lethargy that started that afternoon. Thoracic radiographs revealed a large volume of pleural effusion and suspect hepatomegaly. 200 ml of suspected chylous thoracic effusion removed.
Substantial weight loss and a mass in the region of the pouch. Fine needle aspiration and cytologic evaluation of the mass was consistent with suppurative inflammation. The mass subsequently ruptured, forming a large cutaneous ulcer lateral to the pouch.
H&E
NEVPC
1
3603
NEVPC
2025
4
SNAKE
12-year-old male coachwhip
Small swelling near his right nare. A computed tomography scan performed revealed a right-sided ovoid soft tissue attenuating nodule causing osteolysis of the right nasal and maxillary bones with mild turbinate lysis in the nasal passage.
H&E
NEVPC
1
3604
NEVPC
2025
5
EQUINE
Thoroughbred equine fetus and placenta
The patient delivered in the morning (3 months prior to the due date) was suspicious for mummified twin with nodular placentitis. Mare was treated for placentitis 9 days prior to the delivery with Gentamicin and Equisul. Euthanized.
H&E
NEVPC
1
3605
NEVPC
2025
6
EQUINE
Aborted Thoroughbred filly (approximately 270 days gestation)
An aborted Thoroughbred filly (approximately 270 days gestation) presented to the University of Kentucky Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory in December 2024 for complete necropsy examination.
H&E
NEVPC
1
3606
NEVPC
2025
7
WALLABY
1-year-old intact male Bennett’s wallaby
Acute onselt of lethargy and head tremors. Approximately one month later, the patient presented with worsening neurologic symptoms including circling, ataxia, and continued head tremors.
H&E
NEVPC
1
3607
NEVPC
2025
8
CANINE
Neonatal pug puppy
Shortly after delivery, the smallest female puppy of 6 (birthweight 108 g) went into significant respiratory distress and was eventually euthanized. One of the placentas had a single, focal, tumor-like, tissue proliferation
H&E
NEVPC
1
3608
NEVPC
2025
16
EQUINE
Aborted female Thoroughbred fetus
The mare is a 7-year-old thoroughbred that had aborted the day before submission. The mare was due to foal in April and was vaccinated for EHV and Equine Rotavirus. The mare had no fever and was also receiving Regumate.
H&E
NEVPC
1
3609
NEVPC
2025
9
RAT
1-year-9-month-old female aark agouti rat
Eutnaized for poor coat condition, dorsal hair loss, and persistent ulcerative lesions. A autopsy, the uterus was dark red to purple and diffusely severely distended with ~15mL of cloudy, flocculant, hemorrhagic fluid.
H&E
NEVPC
1
3610
NEVPC
2025
10
NAKED MOLE RAT
4YO female naked mole rat
Colony in interregnum; this female was in poor condition with numerous wounds and facial cellulitis. At autopsy, the reprouctive tract is fully developed with the uterine horns each having four evenly spaced, firm, luminal, white nodules.
H&E
NEVPC
1
3611
NEVPC
2025
11
COATIMUNDI
7.5-year-old female intact South American coatimundi
History of lethargy of approximately 2 months duration with no improvement, the coatimundi was sedated for full exam and found a distended abdomen and an abdominal mass (presumed in reproductive tract) on ultrasound.
H&E
NEVPC
1
3612
NEVPC
2025
12
BEARDED DRAGON
11-year-old, male, bearded dragon
Coelomic mass in the area of the right testis removed via exploratory abdominal surgery. Grossly, the mass was 6-cm in diameter, smooth, yellow, and filled with numerous, 0.5-3.0-cm-diameter cysts that contained clear yellow fluid.
H&E
NEVPC
1
3613
NEVPC
2025
13
RHINOCEROS
54 year old, female, southern white rhinoceros
Oliva, one of the oldest female rhinoceros in captivity, had been housed in a large, mixed-species habitat at the North Carolina Zoo for 35 years. Euthanized for declining quality of life and large pressure sores and GI ulceration.
H&E
NEVPC
1
3614
West Coast Round Robin
2018
15
NHP - RHESUS MACAQUE
Demodex macaci
21 year-old SIV infected female rhesus macaque
21 year-old SIV infected female rhesus macaque, born at the Oregon National Primate Research Center (ONPRC) and euthanized as part of a terminal research project.
H&E
WCRR
1
3615
NEVPC
2025
14
GUINEA PIG
3-year-old, female guinea pig
The guinea pig presented with a history of bilateral truncal alopecia and palpable abdominal masses in the region of the ovaries. An ovariohysterectomy (OHE) was performed and the uterus and ovaries were submitted for histologic examination.
H&E
NEVPC
1
3616
NEVPC
2025
15
EQUINE
Approximately 330 days gestation Standardbred colt and fetal membranes
The mare had started to eject fetal fluids without contractions. The foal was delivered alive but had facial deformities and was euthanized.
H&E
NEVPC
1
3622
NEVPC
2025
18
CHAMELEON
7-year-old, male, Veiled chameleon
Acute onset of lethargy, increased pale coloration, abnormal upside-down perching and swelling on the lateral aspect of the right elbow. ultrasound showed a mass within the gastrointestinal tract, possible mass on the right kidney, and mass in the liver.
H&E
NEVPC
1
3623
NEVPC
2025
19
RABBIT
7-year-old, Netherland dwarf domestic rabbit
Presented for gastrointestinal stasis and a suspected fracture to the right proximal humerus. When it subsequently fractured its left femur, it was noted that all bones appeared thin and osteopenic on radiographs
H&E
NEVPC
1
3624
NEVPC
2025
17
CANINE
1-year-old castrated male German shorthaired pointer
Acute onset of oropharyngeal “gurgling”. A CT scan revealed a left retropharyngeal mass, with muscle involvement, lysis of multiple adjacent skull bones, and intracranial extension with trigeminal nerve involvement.
H&E
NEVPC
1
3625
NEVPC
2025
20
EQUINE
Thoroughbred mare placenta
Thoroughbred mare successfully delivered a live foal after approximately 315 days of gestation. The foal was underweight (60 lbs) and clinically considered dysmature. Approximately 2 weeks prior to parturition, the mare was medically treated for suspected
H&E
NEVPC
1
3627
NEVPC
2025
22
AXOLOTL
10-year-old male axolotl
There was weight loss paired with normal appetite. In August 2024, appetite had declined, fungal bronchitis was diagnosed, and fluid was discovered in the coelom via radiographs.
H&E
NEVPC
1
3630
NEVPC
2025
24
CANINE
1.5-year-old, female intact, Labrador retriever
Presented to the referral veterinarian clinic for an ovariohysterectomy. During the surgery, the uterus was described as thickened and friable, with irregular contour and black areas on the surface.
H&E
NEVPC
1
3632
NEVPC
2025
25
OPOSSUM
Adult, female, Virginia opossum
This adult, phenotypic female, Virginia opossum presented blind and was euthanized due to suspected lead toxicity and parasite burden, including fleas. On physical exam, this animal had multiple nodules within the ear pinna, tongue, and oral cavity.
H&E
NEVPC
1
3633
NEVPC
2025
26
FELINE
2-year-old, spayed female, American domestic shorthair
Firm, ~1.0 cm swelling on the 5th digit of the left hind limb that was causing discomfort. Due to radiographic evidence of complete bone loss within the second phalanx, amputation of the digit was recommended
H&E
NEVPC
1
3634
NEVPC
2025
27
PORCUPINE
10-year-old, female intact, North American porcupine
Hhemorrhagic vulvar discharge. Abdominal palpation and ultrasound revealed a large, firm uterine mass. Ovariohysterectomy was performed.
H&E
NEVPC
1
3635
NEVPC
2025
28
MOUSE
C57BL/6J male with targeted germ line deletion of Cell adhesion molecule 1 (C57BL/6J-Cadm1tm1a(EUCOMM)Wtsi); 16 week old; WTSI = Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute
Homozygous mutant male mice are infertile
H&E
NEVPC
1
3636
NEVPC
2025
29
DUIKER
1 year old male red-flanked duiker
Among a collection of red-flanked, yellow-backed and black Duikers in a zoological collection. He was receive for necropsy after a history of anorexia and dullness of 1 day duration, with progression to tremors and a decision to euthanize.
H&E
NEVPC
1
3637
NEVPC
2025
30
MOUSE
C57L/J (Leaden; JR# 000668) 112-day old gray mouse
Physical examination showed a bright alert responsive adult mouse with an adequate body condition score (3.5/5), normal hair coat, ambiguous external genitalia, and swelling in the inguinal region.
H&E
NEVPC
1
3638
NEVPC
2025
21
NHP-PIGTAILED MACAQUE
5-year-old male intact Pigtailed Macaque
Severe vegetative endocarditis affecting the right and left atrioventricular values, the pulmonary valve, and the left ventricular endocardium. Additional significant findings included thin body condition (BCS 1/5), multifocal testicular hemorrhage.
H&E
NEVPC
1
3640
NEVPC
2025
23
CAPRINE
14-year-old intact female fainting goat doe
A 14-year-old fainting doe was euthanized due to a uterine mass with secondary mucometra and urinary obstruct
H&E
NEVPC
1
3641
SEVPAC
2025
7
CHICKEN
HPAI H5N1
43-week-old broiler breeder chickens
In one day, high, sudden mortality of approximately 10% of one house occurred on a two-house, 20,000-bird farm. Symptomatic birds were lethargic
to moribund, with labored breathing and loose, yellow droppings. Some birds trembled if gently nudged.
Aged, captive gopher tortoise with lethargy and polyostotic shell lesions on CT scan, though no gross abnormalities of the shell appreciated externally. Biopsies were taken of the carapace overlying and adjacent to a focus on bone loss as seen on CT.
Presented with an acute history of neurologic signs including circling and laying on the bottom of the pond. No other fish in the pond were affected.
Water quality in the pond had an ammonia level of 2.0 and alkalinity of 40ppm.
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3645
SEVPAC
2025
1
CANINE
Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis (SEP),
2-year-old male neutered Golden Retriever
History of intestnal resetion. Subsequent formation of fluid filled nodules in abdoment prompted suspicion oaf a septic abdomen. Exlap performed to aspirate pulmonary masses and spleen removed. A month later, pulmonary masses were much worse.
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3646
SEVPAC
2025
2
CANINE
Compatible with an epithelial neoplasm; suspected perianal gland adenocarcinomaHepatoid gland adenocarcinoma with lymphatic invasion
12-year-old male intact Golden Retriever
Perianal mass removal and neuter. Two years prior to presentation, the mass was diagnosed as a perianal gland hepatoid adenoma via fine needle
aspiration. The owners reported the mass had markedly increased in size over the past few weeks.
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3647
SEVPAC
2025
3
CANINE
Choroid Plexus Carcinoma (Grade III Choroid Plexus Tumor) with
cerebral metastasis
7-year-old Male Intact Golden Retriever
Patient presented following a two-month history of weight loss and a one-week history of ataxia and circling.
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3648
SEVPAC
2025
38
CANINE
Uveodermatologic syndrome
3-year-old male neutered mixed breed dog
Active inflammation in both eyes and ulceration on the nasal planum and lip folds.
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3649
SEVPAC
2025
39
CANINE
Myeloid leukemia
8-month-old male intact Great Dane
Hypoglycemia, jaundice, and anemia, febrile (104°F), tachycardic, hypotensive, icteric, and edematous with petechiae in his mouth. US revealed a heterogeneous structure within the cranial abdomen.
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3650
SEVPAC
2025
40
KOALA
Coccidioides posadasii
11 yr male koala
The koala became hyporexic and lethargic over a period of a few days, then developed dyspnea. Bloodwork
showed severe leukopenia and mild hyperlactatemia.
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3651
SEVPAC
2025
4
CANINE
Neospora caninum
13-year-old, male neutered, mixed breed dog
Acutely non-ambulatory, which began two days prior . The dog became anorexic and exhibited vomiting. Blood chemistry revealed hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, and elevated BUN, creatinine, ALT, ALP, and Tbil with clinical suspicion for liver failure.
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3652
SEVPAC
2025
5
CANINE
Cardiac myxosarcoma
Eight-year-old, male neutered, mixed-breed dog
Evaluation of increased respiratory rate and effort with a 5-day history of coughing after his rDVM diagnosed pericardial effusion with a possible right-sided heart base mass.
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3654
SEVPAC
2025
17
FELINE
Acute myeloid leukemia
14-year-old male neutered domestic shorthaired cat
History of ataxia and unwillingness to walk. Severe leukocytosis (88K) characterized by a moderate neutrophilia (21K) with left shift (12K band neutrophils) and severe monocytosis (46K), and a macrocytic, normochromic anemia (PCV 33%).
H&E
SEVPAC
1
3655
SEVPAC
2025
18
CANINE
Spinal cord (T13-L1): Histiocytic sarcoma with leptomeningeal metastasis and segmental compression
4-year-old castrated male Mixed Breed
Acute onset of ataxia. After referral to the Neurology Service, a physical exam revealed hindlimb paraplegia with localization to T3-L3.
